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CP/M for You?

WPL

Motherhood

! SECRETS OF PERFECT MEMORY:
AND ONE HALF EARTH DOLLARS

AT LAST: THE WHOLE L
TRUTH ABOUT FLOPPlES:,=g

Amazing book reveals
all!

How to keep from
brainwashing your disk’s
so it never loses it’s
memory. .

How fingerprints can
actually damage disks, rt
Unretouched Kirlian -i:
photographs of UFO’s ■ .?■
{Unidentified Floppy
Objects)! The incredible
importance of making
copies: the Department
of Redundancy Depart-
ment- and what goes on
when it goes on! Power-
ful secret methods that
scientists claim can ac-
tually prevent computer
amnesia! All this, and
muchmore...

In short, it’s an 80-
page plain-English,
graphically stunning,
pocket-sized definitive
guide to the care and
feeding of flexible disks.

For The Book, ask your
nearest computer store
that sells Elephant™
disks, and bring along
one and one half earth
dollars.

For the name of the
store, ask us.

Elephant Memory Systems'^
Marketed exclusively by
Dennison Computer Supplies.
Inc., 55 Providence Highway.
Norwood. MA 02062. Call
toll free 1-800-343-8413.

In Massachusetts, call
collect (617) 769-8150.

Telex 951-624. :

Circle HelpCard No. 29

We’ll give you a 3M Post-it" Note tray and a
sample pack of Post-it Notes— a $4.98 value.
Absolutely free! Just buy any specially marked
box of 3M diskettes and send in the proof of
purchase —with 75$ for postage
and handling. Complete details
inside specially marked diskette
boxes.

One 3M value
deserves another.

3M diskettes have long been
noteworthy for their unparalleled
reliability. A reputation based

on over 30 years experience in manu-
facturing high quality computer media. Now
we’re giving you one more good reason to
use high quality 3M diskettes.

So buy a specially marked box of
3M diskettes. And send for your
free Post-it tray and notes today!
Look in the Yellow Pages under
computer supplies and parts for
the 3M distributor nearest you.
In Canada, write 3M Canada,
Inc., London, Ontario. If it’s
worth remembering, it’s worth
3M data recording products.

3M hears you...

Circle HelpCard No. 1

Volume 5 Number 1 / January 1984
Cover: Cover art by Allen Watson III ® 1983

Take a Bite...

Departments

Textfile

lAC People g

Peter C. Weiglin - Planting a Seed: The Eyestrain Machine? j j

The New Stuff rjK

Temptations, Delicacies, and Necessities. *

\ ■ H

Articles

Introducing Pro DOS - Morgan P. Caffrey
A new Apple operating system.

Reflections on an Applefest - Gene Wilson
The changing market place.

E - Z Card - Woody Liswood
Build your own Z - 80 card.

Is CP/M For You? - Andrew P. Niemic
Only you can decide.

True Sixteen - Color Hi - Res - Allen Watson III
A color breakthrough - and you can do it too!

How the Double Hi - Res Hardware Came to Be - Allen Watson III
Mr. Watson takes us inside.

How the Dot Patterns Produce Colors - Allen Watson III
Just shift your bits.

Software from the Consumer’s Point of View - Louis H.Milrai
What you’re really buying.

WPL - The Sleeping Giant - Richard Loggins
Part III - More on the Address Book.

EPS Keyboard - Woody Liswood

Have all the function keys and more.

Apple Dot Matrix Printer and Burtronix Printercard /// - Eugene M. Paymar

S,A.M. - Talk Is Cheap - Neil and Gary Lipson
A low - cost voice synthesizer.

Motherhood, Voodoo and the Gray Market - Steve Goldman

iilpi'a

< — )
w

Coming Next Month . . .

The Real news for 1984!

*nuff said.

Apple

Orchard

Vol. 5, No. 1 January 1984

Entire contents Copyright ® 1984
by Orchard Potentials, Inc.

Peter C. Weiglin- Editor and Publisher
Morgan P. Caffrey- Senior Editor
Gene Wilson - Senior Editor
Lenore Wolgelenter- Senior Editor
Nicole Lefcourt- Editorial Assistant
Cindy C. Mack - Advertising Coordinator
Joseph Jasper - Graphics
Contributing Editors:

Mark L. Crosby - New Products
‘‘Dr. Wo” - Pascal/Languages Editor
Neil D. Lipson, P. E.

A. S. (Woody) Liswood
Barry D. Bayer
Mike Kramer

Jim Linhart - Miscellaneous Cartoonery

Support Staff:

Joanne Short - Business Manager
Dawn Brown - Circulation Manager
Ellen Rozner - Accounting
Eva Baragona- Customer Service

Jay Eisenberg - Advertising Director
JE Publishers’ Representative Company
6855 Santa Monica Blvd.

Los Angeles, CA 90038
(213) 467-2266

Boston - (617) 437-1700 Chicago - (312) 445-2489
Dallas - (214) 660-2253 Denver - (303) 595-4331
New York - (212) 724-7767 San Francisco - (415) 864-3252

Address for all subscriptions, correspondence,
advertising material, manuscripts, etc.:

Apple Orchard
908 George Street
Santa Clara, CA 95050
(408) 727-7652

Apple Orchard (ISSN 0277 - 1950) is published monthly for the International
Apple Core by Orchard Potentials, Inc., 908 George St., Santa Clara, CA 95050.
Second Class Postage paid at Santa Clara, CA and additional entry points.
Subscription Rates (U.S. funds): $24.00 for 1 year. $45.00 for 2 years in the
U. S..FP0 & APO: $30.00-1 yr.. $55.00-2 yr.. in Canada: $36.00 (surface). $48.00
(airmail) in Mexico, Central America, Caribbean Islands, Phillippines, Samoa:
$36.00 (surface). $60.00 (airmail) in South America. Europe, North Africa: $36.00
(surface), $72.00 (airmail) in Asia, Middle East, South Africa. Australia.

“Apple” and the Apple logo are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. The opinions
expressed herein are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the
views of the Publisher or of the lAC. While we appreciate the co-operation of Apple
Computer. Inc. and other organizations. Apple ORCHARD does not necessarily
represent the views of any of these companies. Our existence derives from the
thousands of Apple users; it is their interests which we serve.

Textfile

Our normal schedule of articles has been knocked awry by
one of the more interesting projects to come our way in a long
time: True 16-color Hi- Res graphics on the Apple //e, from
the disk of Allen Watson III. We reshuffled that schedule to
bring this one to you as quickly as possible. If you type in the
code (or get the demo disk), it’s something you can do your-
self. And, Apple Computer is providing these routines to
software developers; 16-color Hi-Res has only begun to im-
pact the //e world.

So what else has Allen Watson written? Well, how about
the Apple //e Reference Manual? Literally, he “wrote the
book”, and other manuals as well; we’re honored to have him
with us. Allen started programming after receiving his bach-
elor’s degree in mathematics, and has worked with com-
puters of all sizes. He bought Apple II serial number 248 in
1977, and has been with Apple since 1980.

Elsewhere in this issue, Pat Caffrey introduces us to Pro-
DOS, the new operating system for Apple Hs. Neil Lipson
(with help) covers Software Automatic Mouth; Richard Log-
gins continues his WPL series; Woody Liswood covers EPS
and the EZcard; And we take a look at CP/M (with Gene
Wilson to follow up).

Apple Orchard is unique in that it’s written and edited hy
Apple users /or Apple users, and not by recent and recycled
journalism majors. Only a small fraction of our authors are
professional writers; but virtually all of our writers are Apple
users, sharing their experiences with you.

Our masthead shows some changes this month. Gene
Wilson and Lenore Wolgelenter join us as Senior Editors
(Lenore doesn’t look it), and Joanne Short as Business Man-
ager. Lenore will also be handling some much-needed mar-
keting chores for the magazine. As part of a reorganization
around here, Ellen Roznar (Accounting) and Eva Baragona
(Customer Service) join our staff full-time. It all means a bet-
ter Apple Orchard.

As we go to press, we learn that Apple is considering (and
may have announced by the time you read this) dropping its
AppleNet local area network. Instead, Apple will support
and connect to the IBM local area network, when released.
Further, buried in a news release was the comment that
Apple would no longer insist on making its own disk drives.
That could mean anything, but don’t be surprised to see the
Sony 3V2-inch drives turning up inside beige boxes.

Those of you who read our February 1983 issue remember
Pat Caffrey’s detailed article on the Apple //e. That issue
appeared on the same day the //e was introduced, which
meant that it was a few days late, hwtvery timely. Well, Pat is
still with us. Gene Wilson has joined us, and the February
1984 Apple Orchard will appear on January 24, a few days
late. Must be something going on ... .

— PCW

4 Apple Orchard

System Saver didn’t become the
A|^’s number one selling*
peripheral by being just a fan.

What made over 100,000 Apple® owners fall in
love with System Saver? The answer is simple.
It’s the most versatile, most convenient, most
useful peripheral ever made for the Apple.

System Saver filters out damaging AC line
noise and power surges.

70-90% of all microcomputer malfunctions can be
traced to power line problems** Problems your
System Saver guards against.

Power line noise can often be interpreted as data.
This confuses your computer and produces system
errors. Power surges and spikes can cause severe
damage to your Apple's delicate circuitry and lead
to costly servicing.

System Saver clips surges and
spikes at a 130 Volts RMS/175
Volts dc level. A PI type filter
attenuates common and
transverse mode noise by a
minimum of 30 dB from 600
kHz to 20 mHz with a max-
imum attenuation of 50 dB.

You end up with an Apple
that’s more accurate, more
efficient and more reliable.

SYSTEM SAVER

So if you want to keep

damaging heat, line noise and power surges out of
your system for good, pick up the only peripheral
that's in use every second your computer is in use.
The System Saver. You’ll soon come to think of it as
the piece Apple forgot.

Compatible with Apple stand

PRINTER

POWER

System Saver lets your Apple keep its cool.

Today's advanced peripheral cards generate heat. In
addition, the cards block any natural air flow through
the Apple He creating high temperature conditions
that shorten the life of the Apple and peripheral cards.

System Saver’s efficient, quiet
fan draws fresh air across
the mother board, over
the power supply and
out the side ventilation

slots. It leaves your Apple cool, calm and running

at top speed.

System Saver makes your Apple more
convenient to use.

No more reaching around to the back of your Apple
to turn it on. No more fumbling for outlets and cords
to plug in your monitor and printer. System Saver
organizes all your power needs.

$89.95 at Apple dealers everywhere.

It functions as a multi-outlet power strip with two
switched outlets. Plus System Saver offers the
ultimate convenience; a front mounted power switch
for fingertip control of your entire system.

KENSINGTON
^ MICROWARE

251 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10010
(212) 486-7707 Telex: 236200 KEN UR

*Softsel Computer Products Hot List. * *PC Magazine: March 1983.

System Saver is UL Listed. System Saver’s surge suppression circuitry conforms System Saver is a registered trademark of Kensington Microware Ltd.

Circle HelpCard No. 27

Satisfying More Than

With Innovation

Giappler +

■ I Printer Interface

The Original Apple® graphics printer interface.
Since its introduction three years ago, the
Grappler has been imitated by many, but never
matched. Now with exclusive features for the
Apple Me and full support of new
Epson® graphics,
the Grappler +
remains the most
intelligent interface
available. Over
twenty-seven com-
mands give Apple users full control over any
graphics or text on the Apple screen, including
a new 80 column text dump. Performance, relia-
bility and support have made the Grappler +
the #1 selling intelligent Apple interface.

For Apples and Printers

The innovator in “dock-on” printer buffering. The
Bufferboard easily adds memory to your current
Apple interface system, freeing your computer for
additional input. Easily upgradable from 16K, the
Bufferboard can store up to 20 pages of text. It
fits neatly inside your Apple, “docking” onto your
existing printer interface.* No ciumsy boxes or
cables, no external power supplies. . .just conve-
nience and
economy. With
the Bufferboard,
you might never
wait for your
printer again.

'Versions for standard Grappler + , Epson APL and Apple
Parallel Interfaces.

135,000 Apple Owners

And Excellence.

. 4 ^

Qrappier +

The most sophisticated buffered Apple printer
interface available. The New Buffered Grappler +
combines the industry leading features of the
Grappler + with the time saving economies of the
Bufferboard.**

With this much interface power, you’ll never need
anything else. And the price will surprise you, too.

**Not available for IDS printers.

Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computers, Inc.
Epson is a registered trademark of Epson America Inc.

Over 135,000 Apple® computers are using Orange
Micro products. Innovation and excellence have
made us the #1 manufacturer of intelligent printer
interfaces. The top selling Grappler + has
become an industry standard, recommended by
more software houses and Apple dealers.

To meet your growing needs. Orange Micro will
continue to introduce new products. Recent inno-
vations include the Grappler -i- for IDS color
printers and the new Orange Interface, with text
screen dumps and formatting at a low price.
There is an Orange Micro product designed for
your application.

For a complete demonstration, see your Apple
dealer today.

MOronge micro

■HI IfIC.

1400 N. Lakeview Ave., Anaheim, CA 92807 U.S.A.
(714) 779-2772 TELEX; 183511 CSMA

©Orange Micro, Inc., 1983

Circle HelpCard No. 38

International Apple Core

Officers

Dave Alpert

President

(312) 648 - 1794

Harlan G. Felt

Vice - President

(408) 554-5211

Louis H. Milrad

Vice - President

(416) 222-8447

Allen G. Sneider

Treasurer

(617) 742-6100

Joseph H. Budge

Secretary

(408) 554-5071

Kenneth D. Silverman

Executive Director

(408) 727-7652

Regional Directors Region Information

Region Area

Stephen Lloyd (Region 1)

(415) 571 - 7370 1 CA zips 94100 & up, WA, OR, NV, HI, AK, & American Samoa

Jim Simpson (Region 2)

(805) 492 - 3391 2 Southern California, zips 93999 & lower

Mike Kramer (Region 3 & 4)

(713) 368 - 6687 3 AZ, MN, TX, OK, AR,

MO, LA, MS, TN

Bob Sander-Cederlof (Region 3 & 4)

(214) 324 - 2050 4 ID, UT, MT, WY, CO,

ND, SD, NE, KS, MN, lA

Barry Bayer (Region 5)

(312) 798 - 6496 5 WI, IL, MI, IN, KY

Neil Lipson (Region 6)

(215) 356 - 6183 6 PA, NJ, FL

Robert Ramsdell (Region 7)

(617) 546 - 3104 7 ME, CT, MA, NH, RI, VT, NY, DC

Tom Wysocki (Region 8)

(216) 942 - 7086 8 OH, WV, MD, DE, VA, NC, SC, GA, AL

Roger Keating

P. 0. Box 448

Double Bay 2048, NSW Australia

(612) 389-2994

Auby Mandell

409 Queen St. W.

Toronto, Ont. Canada M5V 2A5

(416) 593-9862

Dr. Steve Bellamy

#402, 5-7-13 Tajiri
Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan

0473 - 79 - 3610

Coordinator:

Investments

Louis H. Milrad
15 Sydnor Rd.

Special Interest Groups

John McMullen
Perry St, Jefferson Valley

iWillowdale, Ont, Canada M2M 2Z9

New York NY 10535

(416) 222-8447

(914) 245-2734

Agriculture

Education

Laboratory Applications

Susie Allen

Ted Perry

Dr. Jaime Prilusky

1055 Saratoga-Sunnyvale Rd

2331 Rainbow Ave

San Martin 7500; 5503 Carrodilla

Sunnyvale CA 94087

Sacramento CA 95821

Mendoza ARGENTINA

(408) 746-0626

(916) 485-1690

Apple ///

Family

Languages

Don Norris

David Stern

Ed Titlebaum

1850 Union St # 494

6921 Old Stage Rd

674 Quaker Meeting House Rd

San Francisco CA 94123

Rockville Md'^20852

Honeoye Falls NY 14472

(415) 921-3774

(301) 881-2543

(716) 275-4061

Calc Applications

Games

Lisa

John C. Hunter

Jim Eatherly

Gene Pope

58 McClure Crescent

3342 18th St NW

3901 S Elkhart St

Scarborough, ONT Canada Ml B 1J6

Washington DC 20010

Aurora CO 80014

(416) 292-2590

(202) 232-6046

(303) 690-7559

Data Management

Handicapped

Medical Office Management

Malcolm Slovin

David P Szetela c/o Micro Sparc

10515 Tabor St # 1

POB 261

Alexander Kleider

Los Angeles CA 90034

, Lincoln MA 01773

28 West King’s Highway

(213) 837-3741

(617) 259-9710

Sioux City lA 51104

Dental

Health Services

Telecommunications

Ellis D. Neiburger

Terry Mikiten

Craig Vaughan

33263 N Cove

7703 Floyd Curl Dr

7927 Jones Branch Dr # 400

Wildwood IL 60030

San Antonio TX 78284

Me Lean VA 22102

(312) 244-0292

(512) 691-6367

(703)471-0572

COMMITTEES

lAC Librarian

Maj. Terry N. Taylor

(213) 372-4134

Software

Dr. Charles Smith

(416) 297-3575

Club Activities

Ransom Fields

(415) 863 - 1093

New Club Assistance

Karen Zinsmeister

(408) 727-7652

8 Apple Orchard

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• Apple Orchard

908 George Street
Santa Qara, CA 95050

We’ve taken the worry out of computer
use. A damaged disk no longer means weeks
of waiting for a costly replacement, because
you can now backup your important
software with the Snapshot Copykit
Once again, Dark Star Systems have led
the way with the introduction of the new
generation of copy cards.

Take a look at
these superior design features:

ITS NEVER OUT OF DATE - The

Snapshot Copykit exactly duplicates every
byte of memory- resident programs up to
128k.

Other copy cards disturb several bytes of
memory. Sophisticated copy protection
schemes can detect these changes and make
the resulting backup unusable.

Because all its software is in RAM rather
than inflexible ROM, the system enhance-
ments we develop can be made available to
you at nominal cost

A full 8k of on-board memory will make
the Snapshot Copykit particularly
expandable for future use as a printer buffer,
a multi-tasking system, a communications
dispatcher and much more.

IT’S COMPATIBLE - The Snapshot
Copykit is a board for all systems. It sits in
any slot on the Apple He and 11+ as well as
the Basis 108, the Franklin Ace and other
“look-alikes”.

The Snapshot Copykit doesn’t need a
language/memory card and won’t interfere
with any of your other peripherals. So, you
never need to remove it after installation.

ITS USER-FRIENDLY - We have a
well-deserved reputation for providing easy
to use products. The Snapshot Copykit is no
exception.

Other copy cards force you to use complex,
unreliable procedures and repeated booting
of “utility disks” to copy larger programs.

Old fashioned “nibble-copier” programs
involve endless trial- and- error parameter
changes before they will work.

The Snapshot Copykit will backup
memory- resident programs up to 128k with
one simple menu and one press of the trigger
- in seconds!

ITS POWERFUL - The Snapshot
Copykit give? you back the power over your
computer that copy-protected software took
away.

You can interrupt a running program, copy
it, list it, disassemble it, step and trace it,
modify it and resume running it. Great for
debugging and customizing!

The program is not disturbed in any way,
even if you suspend it for a while to run
another!

All backups made with the Snapshot
Copykit are automatically BRUNnable files
which you can transfer to hard disk. Its
state-of the-art compression facihty lets you
stack several backups on one floppy.

ITS GUARANTEED - All our products
are covered by a 90-day, no- quibble
guarantee for defective parts.

We also support you with free technical
advice - all owners of the Snapshot Copykit
receive our consultancy hot-line number.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

SNAPSHOT He VERSION:

Copies memory-resident programs up to
128k.

Apple II, II +, He, Basis 108, Franklin Ace or
other lookalike with disk drive.

PRICE: $139.95

SNAPSHOT II VERSION:

Copies memory-resident programs up to 48 k.
Apple II, 11+ (RAMcard required - please
specify brand when ordering). Basis 108,
Franklin Ace or other lookalike with disk
drive.

PRICE: $119.95

TO ORDER: Mail check payable to Dark
Star Systems. Add $3 for shipping in the
U.S. ($7.50 to Canada, $15 elsewhere).

Mass, residents add 5% tax. COD costs $5
extra (not available outside U.S.).

SYSTEMS

R39A South Street,
WILLIAMSBURG, MA 01096
Telephone: (413) 268-7351

The Snapshot Copykit is the “ultimate
unlock system” for programmers, business
users and hobbyists. Eind out more by
calling or writing for our info packet and the
latest news on software updates and other
new products.

Circle HelpCard No. 12

Your best buy in modem history. The
Networker™ a plug-in single-slot di-
rect connect modem for your Apple II,

II + , and lie (or Franklin, Albert, or
other Apple compatible computer).

You are immediately linked to the
vast network of computers — data
bases like the Source® Compu-
Serve® or Dow Jones® friends, banks,
businesses, and hundreds of local “bulletin
boards.’’ For only $129. There’s absolutely
nothing else to buy. And it even comes with
software.

This is the modem that does it all, and does
it for less. The Apple Communications Card is on
board, so you won’t need to buy one. That will
save a bunch. It’s 300 baud, the most commonly
used type of modem. It comes complete with its
own communications software on Apple compati-
ble disk, giving you features no modem offers.

Like “data capture’’ to lock the messages
into your Apples’ RAM, and then move the infor-
mation onto a disk for easy reference and review.
A terminal program that turns your computer into
a communications command center, displaying
on-screen “help’’ menus, continuous updates of
memory usage, carrier presence, baud rate,
communications status, all while taking in and
displaying information from any computer.

The Networker supports both originate and
answer modes, so you can send and receive in-
formation, in full or half duplex modes. And its
all easily programmable right from the keyboard
of your Apple computer. All you do is plug Net-
worker into any slot (except 0) in your Apple
computer. It’ll even ask you what slot it’s in.
It’s that easy to use.

NETMASTER^^ COMMUNICATIONS
SOFTWARE

For $179 we include the even more incredible
Netmaster software for advanced users. Net-
master is a “communications freeway’’ that
lets you speed any Apple file to another Apple
through noisy phone lines, without errors. Net-
master even includes its own Disk Operating
System to control the flow of information and
leave you over 40K of “buffer’’ memory from
your 64K RAM. And there’s always help when
you want it. On screen. Status indicators keep
you fully updated.

Netmaster will let you transfer games,
computer graphics, programs, sales reports,
documents, any DOS 3.3 file, all directly from
disk to disk, all with computer (not telephone)
accuracy. Netmaster is completely configurable
to understand any computer, even mainframes.
File size is unlimited.

But Netmaster is not stuffy. It will talk to
the other communications packages like Visi-
term® or ASCII Express® Of course they don’t
support Netmaster’s superb error checking,
that guarantees you won’t miss even a comma.
It doesn’t only talk to the Networker either. It
will also talk to those more expensive modems
from Flayes and Novation.

And Netmaster is fast. It trans-
fers information disk to disk three to
five times faster than the others. Of
course Netmaster is fully compatible
with them. But if you want things to
happen really fast, talk to another
Netmaster.

We sell Netmaster by itself for $79,
and even if you have another modem for your
Apple, Netmaster is an outstanding value. It will
even support auto dial and auto answer. Net-
master requires 48K of Apple memory, disk
drive and DOS 3.3, and ZOOM’S Networker
modem or another modem. It can also be used
without a modem when two Apples are hard-
wired together, using a 6850 or 6551 -based in-
terface card.

Networker, Netmaster, and Networker/
Netmaster combo are all produced in the USA
by ZOOM Telephonies, producers of the popular
DEMON DIALER. The Networker is FCC regis-
tered, and all products come with a one-year
warranty.

HOW DO I GET ONE? OR TWO?

Check with your computer dealer. Or call us
direct at 1-800-631-3116, and we’ll let
you know where to get them in your area.

Massachusetts residents call 617-423-1288.

The following are trademarks: Apple by Apple Computer, the Source
servicemark by Source Telecomputing, CompuServe by CompuServe,
Dow Jones by Dow Jones & Company, Visiterm by Visicorp, ASCII Ex-
press by Southwestern Data Systems, DEMON DIALER by ZOOM
Telephonies. ©1983 ZOOM Telephonies, Inc.

Circle HelpCard No. 63 ZOOM Telephonies, Inc.

207 South Street, Boston, MA 02111

Planting
a seed...

The Eyestrain Machine?

The question before the House, quite literally, is “Are
Video Terminals Safe?”

Literally, because the question is likely to be on the agen-
das of the U. S. Congress and many state legislatures during
the next session. Some groups, including units of the AFL-
CIO, are calling for government regulation of, and restric-
tions on, cathode ray tube displays (TVs) in the interest of
safety and health. The political process is responding predict-
ably; the prospect of state-imposed regulations (different in
each state, of course), is not a far-fetched idea.

Some folks have been claiming for a while now that expos-
ure to CRTs could cause everything from eyestrain to catar-
acts to blindness to defects in generations yet unborn.
Reports and studies pro and con have been waved about, and
we now have a real live controversy. Of such stuff are medical,
political, and labor-leader careers made. Not to mention
Eyewitless News: ''You could be going blindl Details at
ElevenY

Yes, but does the CRT or VDT really cause health prob-
lems? Or are we looking at a larger picture in which the CRT
plays a part? A recent report by the N ational Research Coun-
cil contained essentially negative findings; there may be a
problem, but it’s not obvious even after much testing. More
testing is required, they say.

Comes now the University of Kentucky, which has issued a
report saying that those who look at VDTs on the job are risk-
ing eyestrain, eye irritation, blurred or deteriorating vision,
and red eyes. Not to mention irritability, neck and shoulder
pain, and fatigue. Well, UK isn’t exactly unbiased here: they
were retained by the Newspaper Guild (AFL-CIO) to study
the problem. One precious fact emerged from the UK study:
VDT users were absent from work slightly more often than
non-users of VDT’s. Further, VDT user absences tended to be
a half-day longer.

Let’s look at the absence thing first. Who operates most
work-station CRTs? Some managers, true; but most of the
people studied are clerical personnel, folks who find work
with the CRT to be no more challenging than that of their
paper-shuffling predecessors. Employee absenteeism rises
where work is boring, non-challenging, etc. It it the CRT? We
really don’t know.

Consider next the computer hobbyist or hacker. We all
know people who are hunched over their Apples for hours on
end, and who do not complain of CRT-related fatigue,
shoulder pains, or eyestrain. (Irritability, when present, is
usually directed at some unsolved bug.) The key seems to be
that they’re challenged by their work.

Another factor in the employment situation: working with
(and for) a machine that will tell your boss exactly how much
work you did that day, and how well, tends to decrease your
fondness for that machine. The potential for magnification of
possible problems is present; let’s blame the machine.

Reports and studies will continue to bombard us, as will
Eyewitless News. But we must also look at the psychological
framework surrounding CRT use. Even absent CRTs, it’s
funny how students are more likely to develop eyestrain from
Geometry texts than from Flashing Swords.

We’re going to look into this further. If you’d like to help,
drop us a line.

January 1984 11

Introducing-ProDOS

by Morgan R Caffrey

P roDOS is a much- improved op-
erating system for the Apple II
Plus and //e. It offers more
features and responds to many ques-
tions and complaints made about the
DOS 3.3 system over the years. And,
although the changes are substantive,
the new system will continue to run the
vast majority of existing DOS 3.3 appli-
cations.

The main drawback is that some hard-
ware may not be supported, and that a
file conversion process is required. The
conversion may be a difficult process
with some copy-protected software.
Apple has been cooperating for some
time with software vendors to smooth
out these problem areas. In fact, Pro-
DOS has already begun to reach the
computer store shelves. In some cases
you might have purchased such an appli-
cation and not even know it.

For those of you who are familiar with
Apple ///’s SOS (Sophisticated Operat-
ing System) there will be few filing sys-
tem surprises. ProDOS will happily read
a disk formatted or written to under
SOS, and SOS will as gladly read what
ProDOS creates. For those of you work-
ing with Apple II Plus or //e and Apple
///, this means a simple method to pass
data back and forth when necessary.
This has been something of a thorn in
the side of those who have purchased
both machines. No more.

Before you groan and throw up your
hands in the face of yet another operat-
ing system, Apple has taken some pains
to make sure that programs written un-
der Applesoft BASIC with DOS 3.3 com-
mands imbedded will continue to work
as before. Integer BASIC has been cast
into the abyss. This will not please those
who have invested time and effort into
that speedy language, but change al-

ways pinches someone. In this case, iCs
a small but vocal percentage of the
active owners, from whom we can ex-
pect to hear.

Let’s look at the rough outlines. Apple-
soft continues to function not only as
well as ever (now, now — I said no groan-
ing), but improved. Most every program
you have will continue to run properly
once it has been converted to ProDOS.
Only those programs which made direct
access to the DOS 3.3 directory with
assembler augmentations, or which
used the MON or NOMON debug fea-
tures will need rewriting.

File Conventions

Diskettes are initialized with volume
names and files are assigned a “type”
characteristic. There are a great number
of different file “types” available (TXT,
BAS, SYS, BIN, DIR . . . etc.) Files are
thus identified by pathnames which con-
sist of “/volume-name/file-name/”. The
file type is not a part of the pathname.
For instance, the diskette might be ini-
tialized with the volume name “MAIL-
PROG”. A file on the diskette might be
called “FRIENDLIST”. The full path-
name to access the data in FRIEND
LIST would be “/M AILPROG/FRIEND-
LIST”. Since this is a somewhat lengthy
typing process, a “PREFIX” can easily
be established which allows you to type
only the filename.

An extension not available previously
in the Apple II series is the sub-direc-
tory. A sub-directory is a “DIR”-type
file containing a list of files accessible
only through this directory path. This
means that a subdirectory file on MAIL-
PROG might be titled “BUSINESS”
and be of type: “DIR”. When you access
/MAILPROG/BUSINESS you access a
list of other file titles, not visible with a

standard catalog. Thus you can view
only that cluster of file information that
you need. If the first file created with the
/MAILPROG/BUSINESS directory
were “PARTS”, the pathname to access
the parts-suppliers data would be:
“/volume/sub-directory/filename/” (e.g.
“/MAILPROG/BUSINESS/PARTS”).
The pathname cannot exceed 64 charac-
ters. Since DOS 3.3 had no such mech-
anism for dividing types of files, existing
applications can ignore this feature en-
tirely. But once used, it is attractive and
useful and you won’t want to ignore it.

ProDOS has some good tools to manip-
ulate the file environment. It has a
FILER program that provides facilities
to manipulate files. If you know Pascal
or have worked with SOS this will hold
no major surprises. It includes both
volume and file commands.

The file commands provide for files to
be viewed as a directory, copied, renam-
ed, compared (nice), deleted, write pro-
tected (and vice-versa). It also includes
the ability to make a file which IS a
directory. Volume commands provide
facilities to format and/ or copy volumes,
change volume names, check for bad
blocks, assess space usage and even com-
pare whole volumes.

I am miffed that no facility was includ-
ed to copy a text file to the screen, as
with the TYPE command in CP/M. This
means someone will have to write a sep-
arate program to perform the frequently
needed task of simply seeing what a file
contains. Grrr!!.

The format routine does a disk speed
test when copying or formatting. My old
drives were somewhat cantankerous so
I had them aligned last month. All my
other programs were working fine.
Since ProDOS refused to format or copy
until I readjusted the speed, I couldn’t

12 Apple Orchard

even back up the originals until I made a
trip to the service center. This kind of
“help” I don’t enjoy. On the other hand,
nobody is going to format a diskette
which another ProDOS system can’t
read because of speed discrepancies,
which eliminates a problem that existed
under DOS 3.3.

So, here you are with several years, or
months, of working programs and you
want to make the leap to ProDOS. Well,
not just yet. This system is presently in
the hands of licensed program develop-
ers, but won’t be released to the buying
public until sometime in ‘84. The convert
program will grab files from DOS 3.3
diskettes and write to ProDOS disk-
ettes. It will also transfer from Pro DOS
to DOS 3.3. That’s just fine. It took Mic-
rosoft two years to get that little feature
(CP/M to DOS 3.3 transfer) to Z-80
card buyers.

Hardware

Clocks

If you have a THUNDERCLOCK in
your system, ProDOS will take note, set
the system time, and properly date-
stamp any file’s origin and last mod-
ification date. BASIC programs can
make usual use of the clocks. We tried
the Thunderclock, and it worked just
fine.

//e 6 UK Extended 80 column cards

If you have a 128K Apple //e, ProDOS
assigns the additional space as a RAM
volume whose volume name is “/RAM”.
ProDOS uses as much space as it can
find on the card for files. It is quite fast.
For applications requiring frequent disk
access to a smallish amount of data
(maximum is 63 K) this is ideal. This re-
quires either the program or the FILER
to transfer data from a disk volume to
the /RAM volume at the start, and re-
versal of the procedure before shutting
the system down. Lots of room for exper-
imentation here.

Disk Drives

ProDOS “believes” to the depths of its
soul that a floppy disk contains 35 tracks
of 16 sectors. No more, no less, no other
way. DOS 3.3 in Apple’s native mode is
that way too. Some other disk drive man-
ufacturers, however, have managed to
patch DOS 3.3 to enable larger amounts
of storage, up to 40 tracks. These manu-
facturers will have to find a different

way to patch ProDOS. And it may not be
as easy this time because the method of

tracking the available space (called the
Volume Table of Contents) appears to be
more rigid than was DOS 3.3.

For the BASIC Programmer

Again, everything, or very nearly ev-
erything, already written should work
properly. But there are subtle advances
in this ubiquitous and sometimes aggra-
vating language.

A small regret: The useful commands
“MON C,I,0” and “NOMON” have been
removed. When I worked with Applesoft
a lot, this command really made a dif-
ference in debugging file-processing
applications. It was unique among the
BASIC languages I have worked with
and was very useful. It was sacrificed to
obtain space.

Random Access Files

Most of my best work in Applesoft file
processing was done using random ac-
cess mode (When allowed a choice I
choose block-structured languages now).
ProDOS stores the original record size
when the file is created, normally re-
opens the file with its original logical
length and yet allows the program to

temporarily use a different record size
at need. This flexibility will be a great
help.

Random access read and write com-
mands now include afield option (”Fn”)
which will skip past “Fn” carriage re-
turns (field separator) in a record. This
is akin to the old “B” options which
moved the file pointer to the Bth position
in the file or record. This only works for
fields separated by a carriage return.
For those who have used the comma as
the field separator, the older problems
still remain.

APPEND can now be used to add to
random access files too.

FLUSH is a new command which al-
lows the program to insure that all data
supposedly written to disk is actually
sent to the disk. For those of you who
haven’t dealt with this problem this may
seem confusing. It minimizes the effects
of ocassional power failures.

STORE and RESTORE

When I first wrote programs which
interacted with the cassette interface, I
occasionally used these commands.
STORE saved all the values of the mem-
bers of an array to cassette and, if I read

Transend stands for innovative electronic communi-
cations for your personal computer. Quickly. Easily.
Affordably. Transend. At computer retailers nationwide.

TRANSEND

2190 Paragon Drive, San lose, CA 95131 (408) 946-7400 Telex; 171171 SSM SN|

IBM PC is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation • Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer. Inc

Circle HelpCard No. 57

January 1984 13

back the same values in the same se-
quence after carefully declaring each
variable in the same way, RESTORE
would retrieve the data. Nice, but not
very. Too messy and error prone. These
commands have been improved to the
point of great utility.

Now, STORE saves all the values
along with the name of all variables in a
program to a disk file (a special compact-
ed type called “VAR”). RESTORE, nat-
urally enough, grabs the data from the
disk and creates the variables in a pro-
gram. It also clears all variables from
memory before it does it, however, so
watch your step.

CHAIN

CHAIN allows program segmenta-
tion and run-time linking. Thus a pro-
gram which is really larger than mem-
ory can be run in segments. The problem
is, without CHAIN the RUN command
always clears the variables declared in a
previous program and a lot of program
space is wasted re-declaring variables.
Several Applesoft augmentation pack-
ages have included chaining because of
user demand. CHAIN loads and runs a
program on disk without losing the var-
iables currently in memory. You can

even select the line number in the chain-
ed program to begin executing.

IN# and PR#

These two Apple-unique commands
have the original meaning of directing
character output to a slot device (PR#)
and character input from a slot device
(IN#) but have been neatly augmented
to allow a routine at any address in
RAM to gain control. Thus if a card is
installed without ROM it can be con-
trolled from a RAM routine. You could
do this before but it wasn’t as easy. This
simplifies things.

The command is a smart RUN com-
mand. With the phrase “-filename”, you
tell ProDOS to load and execute the
named file. It is ProDOS’s business to
figure out if the file should be RUN,
BRUN or EXECed. You don’t have to
think about the type of file in order to
run the program.

CREATE

This new command allows a program
to create a sub-directory, thus grouping

related files. This is especially helpful as
the number of hard (difficult?) disks in
use increases. It reduces the number of
times the end-user has to look at a forest
of filenames while looking for a single
file. Or at least, with good program-
ming, it can lead to that result.

PREFIX

Another new command which allows
the user or program to assign a filename
prefix value to the pathname. Thereaf-
ter only the end-portion of a file path-
name need be used.

BSAVE and BLOAD and BRUN

The first two commands are used to
save (BSAVE) a region of memory to
disk along with the information neces-
sary to return (BLOAD) the memory
contents to the exact same memory loca-
tion. They can be used to save assembler
programs, graphics images, etc. BRUN
does a BLOAD and executes the file as
an assembler program.

The BLOAD command was always
slightly difficult to use. It required the
user to know not only the beginning loca-
tion, but the number of characters to be
saved. It has been improved in terms of
ease of use and in terms of flexibility.
You will still need to study the options to
make best use but this is a real improve-
ment.

For the technically oriented, the nic-
est change allows an image to have a
beginning and ending address instead
of a beginning address and character
count. The old method is also honored.
The images may also be sent to a byte-
position within an existing file. This last
is flexible but slightly dangerous. It will
be easy to make a small mistake and
write over a valuable bit of code or bi-
nary image. It will save some storage
space since multiple binary images can
be stored under a single filename.
BLOAD can load any file type to any
location and as indicated with BSAVE,
portions of files can be BLOADED.
With power comes responsibility to be
careful.

TRACE

TRACE has been fixed so that it will
work appropriately with active DOS
commands. There were tricky ways to
make this work before but this nor-
malizes the procedure of following the
program logic during program execu-
tion to discover and fix bugs.

...

-to ,

Circle HelpCard No. 60

14 Apple Orchard

APPLESEED"

Apple Compatible Hardware
for Dedicated Applications

Design and program a system on a
standard Apple computer and then
market it with the low-cost
APPLESEED system . . .

Designed for use in systems where a
full Apple computer may not be
necessary or desired, the APPLESEED
Bus system retains all the essential
features of an Apple system, including
mother board compatibility with almost
every plug-in board available for the Apple ] [.

Programs are developed in assembly language
on a standard Apple ][. Upon completion, a set
of EPROM’s are blown and inserted into the APPLESEED Bus system, which then takes control of
program execution.

You buy only what you need for your application; gone are the built-in keyboard, the consumer-
oriented packaging and graphics subsystems. Cost, size and power consumption are substantially reduced
while flexibility is greatly increased. Compatibility with a multitude of sophisticated programming and
hardware add-ons, widely available for the Apple ][, has been fully retained, providing a wide range of
options for designing customized systems. (Applesoft® PROM’s are not included.)

A sampling of APPLESEED Bus components:

CPU BOARD The 6502 has been removed from the mother board and included in this card, which also contains the clock
circuitry for the system.

64K RAM BOARD 64K of dynamic RAM with provision for control to be used in the normal Apple ][ conventions; deleting
COOO-CFFF and software control over the DOOO-FFFF area.

EPROM BOARD Jumper selectable for 2716 (EPROM) or 34199 (PROM); blow 2716 assembly language programs and then
run them in this EPROM board. Jumpers allow selection of software on/off, initialize on/off and other controls.

UART BOARD Software/hardware select all standard EIA baud rates. The board supports four 6850 UART’s which allow
four independent input and output EIA lines. Each UART is fully programmable for parity, bit length, baud rate, etc.
UNIVERSAL BOARD The APPLESEED Universal board contains the following: One 2716 socket for an F8 PROM, one
2K X 8 bit RAM (0-7FF), one UART channel for serial communications, 8 parallel INPUT lines (TTL), 8 parallel OUT-
PUT lines (TTL), device decode for one additional standard slot-dependent board, support for standard Apple ][ style
keyboard, and a power supply connection. Each feature is independent and any combination may be used simultaneously.
The Universal board is designed to be used with the APPLESEED CPU board.

TEXT BOARD The TEXT board is designed to add the conventional TEXT (page 1 and page 2) to an APPLESEED system.
The board generates composite video to plug into a standard monitor or T.V. modulator. The board provides 40 columns
X 24 rows in each page and is not slot dependent.

MOTHER BOARD 10-slot motherboard is fully compatible with most Apple add-on cards currently available.

Please call or write for prices and more detailed information on these and other APPLESEED Bus products.

DOUGLAS ELECTRONICS 718 Marina Blvd. • San Leandro, CA 94577 • (415) 483-8770

APPLE is a registered trademark of Apple Computer Corporation

Circle HelpCard No. 14

Garbage Collection

Applesoft (and many other Microsoft
basics) has a flexible set of string-
handling commands. The penalty for
this flexibility was a lengthy process of
culling active strings from a mass of
ghost- strings to regain temporary stor-
age space. The process, known as “gar-
bage collection”, could take many
minutes. ProDOS has a few other mem-
ory management problems to take care
of and this capacity has been included,
reducing the time needed for this pro-
cess to just a few seconds. This is a
real boon.

Machine-Language Interface

Things get a bit difficult here. MAX-
FILES has been thrown away (using a
de facto max of 8 files) and ProDOS
adjusts HIMEM and the ProDOS mem-
ory bit-map each time it opens a new file.
All machine language programs must
be loaded before any file that requires
such bit-map adjustment is opened.
More on this as I get to understand the
consequences better.

Using the System
(and sub) Directory

Applesoft programs can easily review
the contents of the main or any sub-
directory. Any time a directory file is
opened, ProDOS will read and pass the
information in the file back to the pro-
gram in text form, as it appears on the
screen. Apple has published all the infor-
mation necessary to get most pertinent
information about files on the volume or
files in a sub-directory into a BASIC
program. This was a long arduous task
under DOS 3.3 with Apple fighting
every inch of the way. Even here, it does
not provide the beginning block number
of storage on the diskette. Ah well, some-
thing for the kids to do on an idle evening
or two.

Assembler Programmers

Although we don’t yet know exactly
how the TOOLS and UTILITIES disk-
ette will be vended, this second disk
provides program developers with an
assembler (a somewhat enhanced DOS
TOOLKIT). The enhancements are sub-
tle, useful and will not be covered here
except to exclaim sadly that they do
NOT include a macro facility and hap-
pily that the system DOES include a
relocating loader.

Oh well, a few more details can’t hurt.
The listings can include a cycle counter
for each instruction for timing-critical
code. Provisions have been included to
allow the sophisticated user to add as-
sembler mnemonics and addressing
modes to handle the newer 6502X mi-
croprocessor. The 16-bit emulator
SWEET16 is included.

There is also an Assembly language
debugger called BUGBYTER. It is an
excellent tool and a great addition to
this system (I speak here as a fan). It
allows for multiple break-points, con-
stantly displays the contents of all regis-
ters, allows user- selectable views of the
hardware stack, and subtle views of
memory locations, either as full address-
es (appropriately dealing with the 6502s
special zero-page characteristics) or as
the contents pointed to by the contents
of an address. The debugger quickly be-
came intuitive when I first began to use
it. I have debugged straight assembler
and even used it to single step through
timing-critical FORTH programs quick-
ly identifying and fixing bugs.

System Calls

When working with DOS 3.3 as an
assembler programmer we could make
good use of RWTS (the primitive routine
to read or write data to a particular
track/sector) but Apple would say al-
most nothing about DOS operation. A
now-famous book was required to open
the secrets of the file manager. Now,
this information is in wide-spread use.

No such secrecy with ProDOS. The
system calls are freely available and pro-
grammers are encouraged to become
proficient in their use. They are a limited
sub-set of the SOS system calls, having
the same names and same value.

A system call is made by loading a
register (or registers) with a specific
value to identify the desired function
and the a jump is made to a dispatch
routine which performs the function and
returns a success/failure flag and option-
ally a set of results.

Also included in the TOOLs package
is the ProDOS Machine- Language Exer-
ciser. This is a menu- drive program
which allows the knowledgeable assem-
bler programmer to practice ProDOS
system calls without having to write an
interpreter. This makes it possible to*^
test the behavior of a sequence of calls
prior to implementing calls.

Interrupts

ProDOS reportedly supports up to
four sources of interrupts simultaneous-
ly. It has a defined protocol for handling
these interrupts which services the inter-
rupts in the order in which the code is
installed into ProDOS. I am frankly skep-
tical. There is a basic flaw in the F8
(monitor) ROM which makes almost in-
evitable a system conflict at some time
or other. I heartily applaud the inclusion
of a method to handle this extremely
useful mechanism. I also await more
information on how to overcome the
flaw. This flaw exists in all Apple II, II
Plus and //e ROMs and has been docu-
mented in a number of places as the
“location $45 problem”.

Conclusion

Bottom Line: ProDOS was created
because of limitations in DOS 3.3, par-
ticularly in operating ProFiles and other
hard disks with Apple IIs. It will not
require internal hardware changes to
move from DOS 3.3 to ProDOS. Many
software producers will use it, and you
may not even know it. When it becomes
available, try it; there are many improve-
ments. ^

MOVING?

Please help the Apple Orchard
keep up with you.

Send your mailing label and
new address to:

Apple Orchard
908 George Street
Santa Clara CA 95050

Please give us 4 weeks notice to
ensure uninterrupted delivery.

And while you’re at it, consider
extending your subscription
right now, even if it’s not due at
this time. If you save us the extra
trip through our files by doing
this, Lue’ll add a bonus issue to
that extension.

16 Apple Orchard

Apple (XNmby lid. has your

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DIABLO 630R155 1784.95
EPSON FX-80 W/TRACTOR LOW! !
EPSON FX-100 F/T LOW!!
EPSON MX-80 F/T LOW!!
EPSON MX-100 F/T LOW!!
EPSON RX-80 LOW! !
EPSON RX-80 F/T LOW! !
GEMINI 10X LOW!!
GEMINI 15X LOW!!
GORILLA BANANA PRINTER 189.95
IDS MICROPRISM 479.95
IDS PRISM 132 1299.95
IDS PRISM 132C - COLOR 1499.95
JUKI 6100 PRINTER (P) 549.95
MANNESMANN TALLY MT160L 599.95
MANNESMANN TALLY MT180L 799.95
MANNESMANN TALLY MT1802 1499.95
NEC 3550 SPINWRITER-IBM 1754.95
NEC 8025 120 CPS 136 COL 719.95
OKIDATA MICROLINE 80 299.95
OKIDATA PACEMARK 2350S 1999.95
OKIDATA PACEMARK 2350S 2199.95
OKIDATA PACEMARK 241 OP 2329.95
OKIDATA PACEMARK 241 OS 2499.95
OKIDATA 82A W/GRAPHICS 379.95
OKIDATA 83A W/GRAPHICS 579.95
OKIDATA 84P 1049.95
OKIDATA 84S 1129.95
OKIDATA 92P 449.95
OKIDATA 93P 729.95
OKIDATA 93S 829.95
PRINTMASTER (DAISY) 1549.95
PROWRITER I PRINTER 344.95
PROWRITER II PRINTER 619.95
C ITOH 8600BP 979.95
QUME SPRINT 11/40+ 1399.95
SANYO PR5500 DAISY WHEEL 659.95
SILVER- REED 550 DAISY 699.95
STAR DELTA-10 160CPS LOW!!
STARWRITER DAISY WHEEL 1099.95
TOSHIBA P-1350 LP 1579.95
TRANSTAR 315 COLOR 449.95
TRANSTAR 120P 14CPS 464.95
TRANSTAR 130P 18CPS 699.95
TRANSTAR 140S 40CPS 1229.95
EPSON SERIAL (RS-232) 134.95
GRAFITTI CARD 84.95
GRAPPLER + 119.95
MICROBUFFER II 16K 144.95
PKASO INTERFACE 129.95
WIZARD BPO 16K 129.95
WIZARD SOB 16K 179.95

OTHER PRINTERS AVAILABLE

APPLE HARDWARE

8088 COPROCESSOR BOARD
ALIEN VOICEBOX
ALS CP/M CARD
AMDEK AMDISK 3" DISK DR
AMDEK DVM-2 RGB I/F(AP2)
AMDEK DVM-80E RBG I/F
APPLE DUMPLING GX
APPLESURANCE II CARD
APPLI-CARD: 6 Mhz
AXLON RAMDISK 320K
BUFFERED DUMPLING 1 6K
BUFFERED GRAPPLER + 16K
CCS 7710 ASYNC SERIAL
ECHO II SPEECH SYNTHESZR
ENHANCER 11+ FUNC. STRIP
4TH DIMENSION DRIVE+CTRL
4TH DIMENSION DRIVE-ONLY
GIBSON LPS II LIGHT PEN
■ HAYES MICROMODEM He
JOYSTICK W/TOGGLE He
KENSINGTON SYSTEI4 SAVER
KOALA GR/TABLET W/SFTWR
KRAFT JOYSTICK (AP2)

LAZER MICROSYSTEM DRIVE
MICROBUFFERH 16K SERIAL
MICROBUFFER 11+ 16K (P)
MICRO-SCI A2 DRIVE ONLY
MICRO-SCI A2 W/CTRL-CARD
MICRO-SCI 64K80COL CARD
MICROSOFT SOFTCARD (AP2)
MOUNTAIN MUSIC SYSTEM
MOUNTAIN ROM WRITER
NEPTUNE 64K80COL CRD He
NOVATION APPLE -CAT II
NOVATION 212 APPLE-CAT
OMEGA RAMEX-128K
ORANGE INTERFACE
PREMIUM SOFTCARD He
PROMETHEUS VERSACARD
QUADRAM 64K80COL CRD He
RANA ELITE I W/CTRL-CARD
RANA ELITE I DRIVE-ONLY
RANA ELITE II W/CTRL
RANA ELITE II DRIVE-ONLY
RANA ELITE HI W/CTRL
RANA ELITE HI DR. -ONLY
S.A.M.

SOUNDCHASER MUSIC SYSTEM i
SOFTCARD (Z-80 CARD)
STB-80 80 X 24 VIDEO BRD
SUP' R' TERMINAL 80 COL
SWEET P PLOTTER
TAXAN 410-64 RGB 2(AP2e)
TAXAN 410-80 RGB 2(AP2e)
TG JOYSTICK VJ/TOGGLE He
TRANSMODEM 1200
VIDEX VIDEOTERM W/SFTSW
VIDEX ULTRATERM
WIZARD-80 80 COL BOARD

ELEPHANT DISKETTES SS/SD 16.95
ELEPHANT DISKETTES SS/DD 19.95
ELEPHANT DISKETTES DS/DD 25.95

APPLE SOFTWARE

ALIEN MUNCHIES 15.
ASCII EXPRESS 89.
BOOKEEPER HI 69.
BPI GENERAL ACCOUNTING 294.
C BASIC (REQ. Z-80) 119.
CONTEXT CONNECTOR 129.
CRYPTO CUBE 29.
D.B. MASTER 4.0 239.
DATAFAX 179.
DATASTAR (REQ. Z-80) 195.
DIAMOND MIND 29.
dBASE II (REQ. Z-80) 449.
EINSTEIN COMPILER 99.
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY 179.
FRIDAY (REQ. Z-80) 199.
GRAPHIC SOLUTION 119.
GRAPHTRIX 1.3 54.
GRUDS IN SPACE 27.
HI-RES SECRETS 99.
HOME ACCOUNTANT 54 .
INFOSTAR (REQ. Z-80) 319.
JUMPMAN 34 .
KAREL THE ROBOT 179.
KEN USTON'S PRO BLACKJACK 54.
MAGIC WINDOW II 99.
MASTER PLANNER (REQ Z80 ) 229.
MAZE CRAZE CONSTRUCT. SET 29.
MILESTONE (REQ. Z-80) 199.
MILLIONAIRE 44.
MULT I PLAN 189.
ORCA/M 79.
PSF: REPORT 99.
PIE: SPELLER COMMUNICATION 64.
PIE WRITER 2.2 119.
PINBALL CONSTRUCTION SET 29.
POOYAN 24 .
PROGRAMMING AIDS 64.
PRONTO DOS 2 1 .
Q-BASE 139.
QUEATRON 34.
QUICK CODE (REQ Z-80) 199.
REPORTSTAR (REQ Z-80) 239.
ROOTS/M (REQ Z-80) 134.
SCRAPER CAPER 34.
SENSIBLE SPELLER 84.
SPACE ADVENTURE 24 .
SPEED READ + 49.
SPELLSTAR (REQ Z-80) 164.
STAR MAZE 29.
SUPERCALC (REQ Z-80) 189.
SUPER-TEXT PRO 69.
SYSTEM II EX TURNING PT 1099.

TAX PREPARER 159.95

TERRAPIN LOGO 104.95

ULTIMA I 29.95

VERSAFORM 259.95

VISICALC //e 264.95

WITNESS 29.95

WIZWARE MICROZIN 29.95
WIZWARE SQ PAIRS 29.95
WIZWR TURTL TRKS 29.95
WORD ATTACK! 39.95

WORDSTAR 249.95

WRITE-ON 94.95

ZENITH 29.95

We will try to meet or beet eny advertised price!
CALL US.. . WE CAN HELP! 1-800-222-2602

For technical assistance, order status and California calls (619) 765-0239
Apple Country, Ltd., P.O. Box 1039, 2602 Washington St., Julian, Calif. 32036

Terms: We accept American Express. No extra charge for Visa /MasterCard, Cashier's Check,
personal check (allow 2 weeks to clear) Shipping & Handling: 5% ($6 min,); APO FPO Alaska
Hawaii & Monitors 5% ($10 min.) Foreign orders 15% ($15 min,) All items are new with
manufacturer's warranty. Prices are subject to availability & change without notice. Purchase order
must include check, California residents add 6% sales tax. Send $1 (good toward first purchase) for
new fall catalog.

Apple Country, Ltd. Is a DISCOUNT MAIL ORDER HOUSE fur the micro computer industry
and is a Catiforula coiiioratlon not affiliated with Apple Computer luc. Apple Is a trademark of Apple Computer luo.

Cir«k HelpCard No. §

Introducing the n&vTopo" world's first personal

"I invenled Topo for you—
whether you think of yourself as
a programmer, robot hobbyist,
or futurist."

robot, available in a limited Signature Edition

AN EXTENSION OE YOUR
COMPUTER. AND TALENT.
AND IMAGINATION.

One day, when there is a robot in
every home, most people will ask them-
selves, “Why didn’t I?”

A few others — mostly today’s
creative programmers and educators —
will say, “I’m glad I did!”

Androbot invites you to help shape
technological history by being one of
the first to own and command Topo,
the world’s first personal robot.

TOPO CAN WALK. . .TALK. . .

SING AND MORE.

ALL AT YOUR COMMAND.
You program Topo’s movements and
speed via joystick or keyboard com-
mands. You tell him what to say to you,
your lamily students, or guests. In
English, Spanish, Japanese — almost
any language on eaith.

Movement is programmed on a
system of degrees and centimeters,
displayed on your screen. Text-to-
speech synthesis is adjustable for pitch
and volume.

base communicator into the RS-232 T

port of your Applef and your messages |
become commands transmitted to i

Topo via his two-way infrared link. !

Optional software includes I

an Androbot extension package for I

AppleLogor to let you program Topo’s |

maneuvers in that popular educational i
language. -

Optional TopoTeach™ will enable ■

your robot to save and remember a I

complex series of commands. Topo’s |

optional AndroWagon™ can cany beer, i

books, toys, or )^our guests’ coats and ■

hats from room to room. j

Your Androbot dealer offers ■

Topo softv^are and accessories, as well |

as seivlce. |

® ^ #001 « 1

AnD^030T‘

TOPO’S INNER ELECTRONICS
MAKE HIM VERSATILE
AND EXPANDABLE.

Three 8031 microprocessors sewe as
Topo’s “brains!’ Two industrial-grade
rechargeable batteries give him energy
for hours of activity. His battery monitor
provides voltage protection.

Topo’s edge-mounted plug-in card
cage system contains one board for
motion control and another for two-way
communication.

Six additional slots will accom-
modate the numerous optional func-
tions available soon, such as touch
sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and even
an infrared bar code reader. Naviga-
tional ability can also be incoiporated
soon, with technology currently under
development at Androbot.

TOPO ARRIVES
BUNDLED EOR ACTION.

You provide Topo’s host computer:

Any Apple® He, or 11+
with RS-232 interlace
(super serial card) disk ^ ^

drive, and joystick.

(Versions of Topo designed
to interface with IBM PCf
Commodoref and Atari® computers
will be available by Spring, 1984.)

Your robot comes ready for use,
with TopoSoft™ a high-level, easy-to-use
language based on Forth. Plug Topo’s

ANNOUNCING THE SIGNATURE
EDITION EOR THE EIRST 500
WHO BUY TOPO.

Each Signature Edition Topo will bear
an engraved plaque signed by his in^
ventor, Nolan Bushnell. Your Topo will
be numbered and registered in your
name, commemorating your leadership
in the Age of Androbotics.

There will be more Topo personal
robots after this special limited edition
is gone — but why wait? Order today
by phone or by mailing the coupon
below, for guaranteed deli\^eiy through
your authorized Androbot dealer.

Or better yet, see him now. You may
find Topo akeady at his store.

OWN THIS
COMMEMORATIVE
14K GOLD-PLATED
TOPO STATUETTE^TOO.

Apple, IBM, Atari, and Commodore are registered trademarks
ofj^ple Computer, Inc., International Business Machines Corp.,
Atari, Inc., and Commodore Electronics Ltd.

Nolan Bushnell
ANDROBOT, INC.

RO. Box 9-214
San Jose, CA 95103

YES, I AM in the Age of Androbotics. Please send

the following:

QUANTITY TOTAL

Topo personal robots, compatible

with Apple He or IH- computer.

Ship to my nearest Androbot dealer,
who will notify me of arrival in 4 to
6 weeks. $1595 each. $

Topo Owner s Manual. $25 each;

rehindable with later purchase

of Topo. (Included at no charge

with Topo.) $

14K gold-plated Androbot

statuettes, inches high, 1%

pounds. Postpaid, $100 each. $

Androbot T-shirts. Postpaid, $10 ea.

Adult SD MD LD XLD

Child SD MD LD $

“Androbot Report” newsletter. One

year $15. (Free with purchase of

Topo.) $

And please add my name to the

California delivery only: Add 6\^%
sales tax to the total above. $.

Shipping and handling, Topo only
$45 each. (To dealer in Hawaii or
Alaska: $65 each.)

TOTAL $.

For residents of continental United States, Aaska
and Hawaii:

TO ORDER BY PHONE,
call (408) 262-4914 between Sam and
6pm Pacific Standard Time and give
code 200 and the credit card information
requested below.

TO ORDER BY MAIL,

enclose cashier’s check or money order, or
charge to:

Visa □ MasterCard □ Diner’s Club □
American Express □ Carte Blanche □

Card#

Expiration date ^

Cardholder’s signature

Name (Print)

Address

City State Zip

Home phone ( )

Daytime phone ( )

offer available only through participating Androbot dealers in
the U.S. Signature Edition limited to the first 500 Topo personal
robots prc^uced for sale. This direct offer expires February 29,
1984. Specifications and prices subject to change without notice.

For residents of Canada: contact Prestige Electronics, Rexdale, Ont.
(416) 674-1433.

▲

Circle HelpCard No. 4

Reflections
On An Applefest

by Gene Wilson

S an Francisco was recently able
to show off its massive Moscone
Convention Center, or more
accurately, half of the center, as thou-
sands of people were willing to pay ten
dollars for a single day’s look at a real,
live AppleFest. (Three day tickets were
also on sale for twenty-five dollars.)

This particular ’Fest had not appeared
to have grown substantially from pre-
vious years, but it is doubtful that there
were any complaints from the crowd on
this score; there seemed to be some-
thing there for just about anyone’s taste!

Earlier shows had the “promise” of
things to come as dealers used the occa-
sion of these somewhat infrequent expo-
sitions to introduce and highlight new
products. In this show were a number of
vendors whose new products included a
plug-in CP/M board for the Apple III
that will have all required memory on
the board to avoid problems with I/O
(The board wasn’t quite ready to ship as
testing was still underway). There was a
very convincing Flow Charting package
working on an Apple II/Plus/ e that kept
crowds packed at the monitors. There
was even a Kroy (lettering machine)
being “driven” by an Apple II. Several
68000 board/systems were on display,

Snapshot for Apple II PLUS reduced to $69

The Snapshot graphics/text dump
card for Apple II PLUS systems is now
available at the reduced price of $69 from
A-O.K. This special offer represents a 42%
cut in the retail price of $119.

Used in conjunction with the Micro-
buffer, Grappler or other popular inter-
face cards, Snapshot allows the user to
momentarily interrupt processing, dump
a graphics or text screen, and continue
processing without breaking the normal
program flow.

With Snapshot, the user simply pushes
the “Snap” button and sends the graph-
ics command to the printer card from the
Apple keyboard. The card dumps the
screen, and everything returns back to
the program. No special programming is
required.

Snapshot is a powerful addition to
Apple 11 PLUS (Rev. C or later) computers.

and plug-in keyboards seemed to have
found a good response.

At the same time, it appeared that
many manufacturers, software houses,
and vendors were elsewhere for those
three days. Their support seems to be
shifting away to the really large gath-
erings. Perhaps the cost of attending a
large number of shows has caused the

Depending upon the capabilities of the
printer and printer interface. Snapshot
lets the user:

• Control “start-stop action” of animated
programs

• Break machine language programs and
exit to the Apple monitor with reg-
isters displayed

• Seize control of the Apple and permit
keyboard commands to be entered to
the printer interface

• Interrupt a program and dump to an
internal user routine.

To get the Snapshot at the reduced
price of $69 (tax included), send check or
money order payable to A-O.K.; RO. Box
5687, Glendale, CA 91201.

Shipping and handling charges will be
paid by A-O.K. on all orders postmarked
by January 10, 1984. For orders placed
after that date, include $3 for shipping/
handling.

Special Offer. With each Snapshot order,
A-O.K. will send you the popular Magic
Window word processing program by
Artsci for just $25— $99 retail value. (This
offer available to G.S. residents only.)

Take advantage of this exceptional dis-
count on Snapshot— a powerful tool for
Apple 11 PLUS users from casual game
players to serious programmers. And get
a tremendous deal on Magic Window as
part of the bargain.

thinning of the ranks of those who “show”
in favor of those who “sell”.

In many ways, this ’Fest took on the
look of a mass marketing operation, with
a sort of a “high-tech K-Mart” type of
look at sales. This was the year of the
“discount”; discount computer furni-
ture, discount computer books, discount
floppy disk drives (in any size from “slim”
to “six-pack”), discount printers (you
name it, from dot matrix to inkjet), dis-
count software packages . . . from one
end of the hall to the other. The most
significant display tool seemed to be the
vendor’s use of one (or more) of those
new “chalk boards” that uses the “multi-
colored markers” to list products and
prices. If a trip to competitors’ booths
disclosed a lower price elsewhere, it then
took only a few precious seconds to
change the numbers to get the sales
going again!

On a positive note, Apple Computer’s
presence could only be described as “fully
committed”. Their booth was large, well
stocked and well staffed, LISA, Apple///,
and the //e were all shown with pride
and enthusiasm. The staff folks were
dedicated and determined. I must admit
at this point that I’m also dedicated and.
determined, and manufacturers’ rep-
resentatives are usually in for a rough
set of questions. I don’t like people try-
ing to quote from meaningless press re-
leases, or faking knowledge they don’t
have. Apple’s people are well trained
and very knowledgeable in their par-
ticular skill areas. Someone in Cuper-
tino has been gratifyingly busy ‘polish-
ing’ their Apple!

20 Apple Orchard

Circle HelpCard No. 2

DIVERSI-DOS IS THE BEST

*** NEW *** NEW *** NEW ***

TLIST — Lists BASIC files without destroying the
program in memory. Use TLIST to copy lines
from one program to another / Improved list
format without indents, for easier editing / Visible
control characters / Also lists program in memory
with improved format

Insert/Delete Mode — Makes program editing a
pleasure! Insert characters in the middle of a line
without re-typing. Also works for data entry!

Keyboard MACROS — Enter whole phrases with
a single keystroke! Make your own custom editing
keys, or redefine your entire keyboard (Dvorak
keyboard included)

Wildcard file names — Enter only the first few
letters of a file name (searches the directory for a
match)

BSAVE — “A” and “L” parameters are not
necessary (uses “A” and “L” from last BLOAD)
Recognizable ESCAPE and INSERT mode cursors
Lowercase DOS commands accepted
Catalog abort key

Lists text files to screen or printer

“Of all the DOS enhancement packages reviewed
in Peeling II to date, DIVERSI-DOS is the most
powerful in terms of its capabilities coupled with
its price. DIVERSI-DOS is the only product to
speed up all areas of DOS— LOAD/BLOAD,
RUN/BRUN, SAVE/BSAVE, as well as the
READ and WRITE of text files. ..The
documentation is superb. (Rating AA)”

- Peelings II Magazine

WHAT ARE YOU WAITING FOR???

Are you tired of waiting for DOS to load and save
files? Are you tired of waiting for DOS to finish so
you can type again? Are you tired of waiting for
your printer? When you buy DIVERSI-DOS^“,
by Bill Basham, you won’t have to wait any more!
Here’s why:

1. DOS speed-up: Apple DOS 3.3 takes 18 disk
revolutions to read a single track, whereas
DIVERSI-DOS reads or writes a track in just 2
revolutions. This speeds up file processing
tremendously (see table).

2. Keyboard Buffer: DIVERSI-DOS allows you
to type ahead, as fast as you can, without missing
a single character.

3. Print Buffer: DIVERSI-DOS can use a RAM
card (16K-128K) to temporarily save characters
before they are printed. Thus, your computer
won’t have to wait for your printer to finish.

4. DDMOVER: DIVERSI-DOS can now be
moved to a RAM card to increase the available
memory in a BASIC program.

DIVERSI-DOS, the QUADRUPLE utility,
requires a 48K Apple II, 11+ or //e with DOS 3.3. A
simple, menu-driven installation program is
included on the un-protected disk. So what are
you waiting for?

APPLE DOS

DIVERSI-DOS

SAVEt

27.1 sec.

5.9 sec.

LOAD!

19.2 sec.

4.5 sec.

BSAVE*

13.6 sec.

4.1 sec.

BLOAD*

9.5 sec.

2.6 sec.

READ**

42.2 sec.

12.4 sec.

WRITE**

44.6 sec.

14.9 sec.

APPEND**

21.3 sec.

2.3 sec.

*Hi-rcs screen

X 80-sector BASIC program

” 52-sector text file

ORDER TOLL-FREE

Call NOW: 800 835-2246 ext. 127 (orders only)
For information, call 815 877-1343
Disks normally shipped within 24 hours.

Only $30: Includes 1st class or foreign airmail.
Sold by mail order only.

Return in 30 days for full refund, if not totally
satisfied!

FREE — with your order — FREE
DOGFIGHT® II - By Bill Basham
— A special mail-order version of the arcade
game for 1 to 8 players, recently listed #6 on the
best seller list!

Send $30 (U.S. funds) to:
Diversified Software Research, Inc
5848 Crampton Court
Rockford, Illinois 61111

Name:

Address:
City

State:

_ Zip Code:

Visa Mastercard, C.O.D. or personal check accepted.
Card #: ^

Exp. Date:

Circle HelpCard No. 13

Now you can monil

or and control the world (or at least your part of it) with a little help from

APPLIED ENGINEERING

12 BIT, 16 CHANNEL,
PROGRAMMABLE GAIN A/D

• All new 1984 design incorporates the
latest in state-of-art I.C. technologies.

• Complete 1 2 bit A/D converter, with ah
accuracy of 0.02%!

• 1 6 single ended channels (single ended
means that your signals are measured
against the Apple's CND.) or 8
differential channels. Most all the
signals you will measure are single
ended.

• 9 software programmable full scale
ranges, any of the 1 6 channels can have
any range at any time. Under program
control, you can select any of the
following ranges: ±10 volts, ±5V,

±2.5V, ±1.0V, ±500MV, ±250MV,

±1 OOMV, ±50MV, or ±25MV.

• Very fast conversion (25 microseconds).

• Analog input resistance greater than
1 ,000,000 ohms.

• Laser-trimmed scaling resistors.

• Low power consumption through the
use of CMOS devices.

• The user connector has ±1 2 and -12
volts on it so you can power your
sensors.

0 Only elementary programming is
required to use the A/D.

• The entire system is on one standard
size plug in card that fits neatly inside
the Apple.

• System includes sample programs on

PRICE $319

A few applications may include the monitc
• wind speed • wind direction • light ir
and many more.

8 BIT, 8 CHANNEL A/D

• 8 Channels

• 8 Bit Resolution

• On Board Memory

• Fast Conversion (.078 ms per channel)

• A/D Process totally Transparent to
Apple (looks like memory)

The APPLIED ENGINEERING A/D
BOARD is an 8 bit, 8 channel, memory
buffered, data acquisition system. It
consists of an 8 bit A/D converter, an 8
channel multiplexer and 8x8 random
access memory.

The analog to digital conversion takes
place on a continuous, channel
sequencing basis. Data is automatically
transferred to on board memory at the
end of each conversion. No A/D
converter could be easier to use.

Our A/D board comes standard with 0,
10V full scale inputs. These inputs can
be changed by the user to 0, -1 OV, or
-5V, ±5V or other ranges as needed.
The user connector has ±12 and -12
volts on it so you can power your
sensors.

• Accuracy; 0.3%

• Input Resistance: 20K Ohms Typ

PRICE $129.00

iring of • flow • temperature • humidity
itensity • pressure • RPM • soil moisture

SIGNAL CONDITIONER

Our 8 channel signal conditioner is designed for use with both our A/D converters. This
board incorporates 8 F.E.T. op-amps, which allow almost any gain or offset For example: an
input signal that varies from 2.00 to 2.15 volts or a signal that varies from 0 to 50 mV can
easily be converted to 0-1 OV output for the A/D.

The signal conditioner's outputs are a high quality 1 6 pin gold I.C. socket that matches the
one on the A/D's so a simple ribbon cable connects the two. The signal conditioner can be
powered by your Apple or from an external supply.

FEATURES

• 4.5" square for standard card cage and 4 mounting holes for standard mounting. The
signal conditioner does not plug into the Apple, it can be located up to ’A mile away from
the A/D.

• 22 pin .1 56 spacing edge card input connector (extra connectors are easily available i.e.
Radio Shack).

• Large bread board area.

• Full detailed schematic included.

PRICE $79.00

DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT BOARD

• Provides 8 buffered outputs to a • Your inputs can be anything from high

standard 1 6 pin socket for standard dip speed logic to simple switches,

ribbon cable connection. • Very simple to program, just PEEK at the

• Power-up reset assures that all outputs data.

are off when your Apple is turned on. . Now, on one card, you can have 8 digital

• Features 8 inputs that can be driven outputs and 8 digital inputs each with its

from TTL logic or any 5 volt source. own connector. The super input/output

board is your best choice for any control
application.

The SUPER IN PUT/OUTPUT board manual includes many programs for inputs and outputs.
A detailed schematic is included.

Some applications include:

Burglar alarm, direction sensing, use with relays to turn on lights, sound buzzers, start
motors, control tape recorders and printers, use with digital joystick. PRICE $69.00

Please see our other full page ad'in this magazine for information on Applied Engineering's Timemaster Clock Card and other products for the Apple.

Our boards are far superior to most of the consumer electronics made today. All I.C.'s are in high quality sockets with mil-spec, components used throughout. P.C. boards are glass-epoxy
with gold contacts. Made in America to be the best in the world. All products compatible with Apple II and //e.

Applied Engineering's products are fully tested with complete documentation and available for immediate delivery. All products are guaranteed with a no hassle three year warranty.

Send Check or Money Order to: Call (214) 492-2027

Most Orders Shipped Same Day APPLIED ENGINEERING 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. 7 days a week

Texas Residents Add 5% Sales Tax P.O. Box 470301 MasterCard, Visa & C.O.D. Welcome

Add $1.00 If Outside U.S.A. Dallas, TX 75247 No extra charge for credit cards

E-Z Card

Review by Woody Liswood

Manufactured by:

Orbital Systems, Inc.

R 0. Box 5277
Mesa, Arizona 85203
(800) 221 - 9280

S o. YOU ASK. just what is an E-Z Card? It is a Z-80 card
for your Apple Computer which allows you to run
CP/M based software,. And what is so special about
the E-Z Card? Two things. It is very low priced, and it is even
lower priced, if you put it together yourself.

Does it work? YES. I put one together and it ran the first
time. It has been in use for over a month now with no problems.
It runs everything that my Microsoft Z-80 card runs and,
according to Andy Niemic, the President of Orbital Systems,
draws far less power than my old card.

Some other goodies: It has a lifetime guarantee. That
means if it stops working some day, send it back to Orbital
and they will repair it for you.

The cost of the kit is $65. If you wish, you can purchase it for
$90 already completed and ready for use.

Was it hard to assemble? NO. From the time I plugged in
the soldering iron, to the time I inserted the card into my
Apple, only about 45 minutes had passed. That 45 minutes
also included reading the instructions.

Documentation

The package contained a printed circuit board with a silk
screen mask for all of the parts. It is almost impossible to put
the thing together incorrectly. The hardest part was reading
the color codes on the resistors so that I was certain that I was
putting the correct resistor in the correct place on the
board.

The instructions also contain a full page well drawn picture
of the E-Z CARD with all of the parts labeled as to where they
really go on the board. That, plus the easy to read instructions
should eliminate any problems you might have in determin-
ing what to do with what. I never looked at that illustration
until after I had completed the board. The instructions were
so good that I just did not need to see an illustration.

If you have not assembled a kit before, I would plan on
about twice the time I spent. You should first practice solder-
ing on some old wires before you attack the kit. However, if
you have a friend who has done this before, then one or two

Review By Woody Liswood 1988

minutes of demonstration will go a long way to relieve your
fear of messing things up.

When I first received the kit, the documentation said that
the sockets used to insert the IC's were optional. Orbital
charged an additional $5 for the socket set. I made the com-
ment to them that only the dumbest folks in the world will
solder an IC directly to a circuit board (e.g. the memory in an
IBM PC), and that I was going to recommend in this article
that you always purchase the socket set with the kit. They
called me back and told me that because of my comments they
were going to include the socket set as a standard part of their
package.

If my count is correct there are 52 things to solder to the
board, 11 of them are sockets and the rest are resistors,
capacitors, an LED and a transistor.

Equipment

You will need a pencil type of soldering iron, for printed cir-
cuit board work. These run 25 to 60 watts. Don’t try to work
on PC boards with a soldering gun; that’s like a surgeon tak-
ing out an appendix with a cleaver. You will need a rather
small tip at the end of the iron so that you can place solder on
the small legs of the sockets as they appear on the back
side of board.

You will need some 60 - 40 rosin core solder. That’s 60 per
cent tin, 40 per cent lead, best for electronic work. Do not use
acid core solder, and don’t use soldering paste fluxes.

You will need a small diagonal cutting pliers so that you
can cut off the excess ends of resistor and capacitor leads
after you solder them into place.

You should also have some sort of solder cleaner so that
you can spray the back of the board after you are done to
remove the excess rosin left on the back of the board after you
are finished.

Optional Equipment

If you are doing this for the first time, you should also get a
soldering iron holder with a sponge so that you can clean the
tip of the iron from time to time. I also used a small needle-
nose pliers to bend the resistors and capacitors to fit the spac-
ing in the board. You can do a more than adequate job with
your fingers, but I like being a Virgo about such things and
try to make the board look as neat as possible.

22 Apple Orchard

I did not use any vise or clamp to hold the board firm. It
seemed to work better, for this kit, to do the work directly on a
table top. (Protect the table top from burns, however.) If
you’re just starting, you might like to clamp the board down
so that if you press too hard with the iron, your work will not
take off across the room.

I priced these goodies at my local Radio Shack store. You
should be able to purchase all of the equipment you need to
assemble the kit for under $30. That still makes the kit a
superb buy and you now have the equipment necessary to
build other kits.

Problems

I had no problems with the instructions or the kit. How-
ever, I did not follow the instructions completely and the first
time I assembled one kit it did not run. What I had done was to
place the LED in backwards. The instructions clearly said
that the flat end of the LED was to be facing the bottom edge
of the board. And, the silk screen diagram on the board itself
showed the flat edge on the bottom. Part of my being was
somewhere else when I put the LED in; it was backwards.

Recommendation

If you need a CPM card, this is the best deal I have found.
The kit was fun to assemble. It worked. It was cheap. What
more would you want? Even if you do not want to have the fun
of assembly, the completed board is cheaper than others on
the market.

Let me quote you part of a letter I received from Andy
Neimec:

“We started our company with the idea that we could
manufacture products and charge a fair price, a price that
reflected the actual cost of producing that product. Today
the consumer is asked to pay prices that have no rela-
tionship to production costs. We were sure that everyone
would ‘beat a path to our door’ when they saw our prices.

We took care not to cut comers and to make a quality prod-
uct. To our surprise, we found people to be apprehensive
because our prices appeared to be low. We have no plans to
raise our prices, instead we are hoping by word of mouth
and people like yourself, to get the word out that our prod-
ucts not only work, but the quality was not ciit because our
prices were fair.”

Amen. I recommend their product.

In addition, they also produce some other boards. They
make a WISHCARD for $50 which will make back-up copies
of your single-load protected disks; A CPM card for the //e;
an 80 column card with 64K memory for the //e for $99 (I will
report on that one in a future article); a 80/132 column card
for the II for about $100, and a 128K card with built in disk
drive for the II for about $200. I will try to get and put
together all of these cards as they become available and will
report to you about each of them. I suspect, after my initial
experience that they all will work rather well.

Conclusion

I haven’t had so much fun since I first purchased my Apple
a number of years ago. I had forgotten what it meant to put
something together with my hands. I was becoming a ^‘user.”
Well, I am still a user, but a self-satisfied one. ^

and double h.g
, mn as well as App'e //«

SSS -is

rooPaW a Kfs MoPa' 2 ('"^'JSSce at

of (Bata"

a 30 Pay

'“AoDle Computer
al Research

r Videx, Inc.

M 8 Blanchard Road

Circle HelpCard No. 56

January 1984 23

Is CP/M For You?

Andreev P. Niemic

President, Orbital Systems, Inc.

IS CP/M FOR YOU?
by Andrew P. Niemic
President, Orbital Systems, Inc.

I s the benefit of CP/M worth the cost? The answer is
without question, “YES”! The main reason more Apple
owners are not into CP/M is the cost of the required
hardware. Until now, to get started, you had to spend around
$800.00 to purchase a CP/M (Z-80) and an 80 column card. If
your budget is like mine, this was a strong deterrent even
though there is a vast quantity of powerful CP/M programs
available on the market such as Wordstar, Multiplan, and
dBase II.

A strong selling point for the Apple has always been the
large quantity of software available. Most Apple owners do
not realize the large quantity of CP/M software available for
the Apple. To a great extent, these CP/M programs are busi-
ness oriented but provide the user with very professional pro-
grams. An additional enhancement to the Apple’s CP/M is
the ability to interface with other CP/M computers. With CP/
M installed in the Apple, it is easier and less complicated to
interface with other CP/M systems, making information
transfer possible with other micro’s, mini’s, or mainframes.

My company produces a high quality CP/M and 80 column
card for a total retail cost of less than $175.00. Now Apple
owners can have the best of two worlds, CP/M and Applesoft.
Both of these cards are designed to operate with the Apple II,
Apple II Plus, Franklin, and other Apple gender computers.
By the way, you may have heard that some of the CP/M cards
do not operate properly on the Apple //e. Orbital Systems has
designed and developed a special CP/M card specifically to
operate on the //e.

To be more specific about the cards themselves:

The CP/M card uses version 2.2; the majority of CP/M
software on the market uses this version. The latest version
CP/M, version 3.0, executes programs faster, but has been
found to not be compatible with some Apple hardware. Ver-
sion 3.0 may, in the future, become the prime version for
marketed CP/M software.

The 80 column card can be used with or without the CP/M
card. It produces a clean set of characters with true lower
case descenders. The board is designed to run 80 columns
separately or in conjunction with the CP/M card, (most CP/M
software is designed to run in 80 column screen display). An
optional add-on feature to the Orbital 80 column card is the
ability to display 66, or 132 columns, as well as the standard
80 columns.

Both of these cards are available either factory wired, or, (if
you like to build electronic devices), in kit form.

If you still have not decided that CP/M is for you, let me pro-
vide some additional facts.

• The cost of getting started is as low as I believe it will
ever be.

• The use of CP/M on the Apple is expanding, as can be
seen by the increased sales of CP/M software.

• With the continued growth of CP/M, the large number of
users will stimulate the development of more CP/M pro-
grams.

• Adding CP/M will increase the value and utility of
your computer.

• CP/M is an industry standard, making your system more
compatible with other CP/M computers.

• CP/M offers new challenges and dimensions for personal
computers, programmers, and users.

I would like to leave you with these last thoughts. When
you buy software or hardware that expands your computer, it
becomes a personal learning experience. You invested many
dollars in your computer(s) and you should get the best value
for your investment (there is more to a computer than playing
games). There are many computers on the market today and
Apple is just one of them. CP/M is the main operating system
of many of these computers and having the ability to com-
municate between them is an additional asset. If two com-
municating computers use the same operating system, the
problems of adjusting program code from one machine to
another are reduced. I feel that CP/M expands the horizons of
the Apple, and those waiting too long will find it difficult to
catch up.

Editor’s Note: Andy’s commitment to the Apple II and to
CP/M has caused him to offer Apple II owners a more cost
effective means of solving problems.

In future months, we will be giving glimpses into some of
the other faces of the Apple CP/M world. For example, did
you know that there will soon be an “ Applicard” available for
the Apple III that will have RAM for the entire CP/M operat-
ing system all on the card, and the on-board Z-80 microp-
rocessor will operate at 6MHz? And speaking of the Apple
///, we’ll show you the hardware “patch” for the Softcard that
will allow it to work with the Profile hard disk. We’ll even look
at how CP/M programs must “interface” with the Apple ///’s
“.CONSOLE” (that’s pronounced “dot console”) driver to
work. There are some very interesting CP/M applications
that we’ll look at in great detail.

24 Apple Orchard

As well as your
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SPORTSBOARD™

Now you can support all the statistics of your favorite
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competitors, 90 events and 249 scores for each event.

SPORTSBOARD, published by International
Apple Core, is an easy to use, high-speed machine
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Available now for just $34.95. Order your copy
today.

To order by phone, call: (408) 727-7713, VISA or
MasterCard accepted. Please have your card number
ready.

To order by mail, send check or money order to:
International Apple Core, 908 George Street, Santa
Clara, CA 95050. Payment written to International
Apple Core must accompany order and must be in
U.S. funds drawn on U.S. bank. California residents
add $2.27 Sales Tax. Add $2.50 for shipping. Airmail
outside of U.S. , Canada and Mexico add $11.00
shipping.

Please allow 3 to 4 weeks for delivery.

Dealer inquiries are welcome.

INTERNATIOI1AL
APPLE CORE "

Apple, Apple II, Apple II + and Apple He
are registered trademarks of Apple
Computer, Inc.

Circle HelpCard No. 21

True Sixteen-Color Hi-Res

by Allen Wotson ///

I f you are familiar with the graphics displays on
the Apple II, you have probably wished that the
sixteen colors available in the low-resolution dis-
play were also available in high resolution. With the
Apple //e, your wish has come true. If you have an
Apple //e with a 64K RAM card, all you have to do is
wave the magic wand — pardon me, I mean load some
software — to be able to generate high- resolution graph-
ics with sixteen solid colors that are the same as the six-
teen colors in the standard Lo-Res display.

I have to specify “solid’' for these colors because of the
many existing programs that use color mixtures or patterns
(something like coarse half-tone reproduction) to extend the
standard six colors. If such color mixtures appeal to you, just
think of how many combinations you can make using six-
teen colors.

To display sixteen-color Hi-Res you need three things:

• an Apple //e configured for double Hi-Res;

• software to draw the dot patterns that generate the
colors; and

• a color TV set and RF modulator or a composite (NTSC)
color monitor.

This article tells how the Apple //e generates a sixteen-
color Hi-Res display and includes machine-language sub-
routines you can use to add sixteen-color Hi-Res to your
Applesoft programs.

A Little About the Color Dots

In the standard Hi-Res display, each pair of adjacent dots
makes a pattern that a TV set displays as color. The four pos-
sible combinations of the two dots should produce only four
colors including black and white, but the Apple II has a spe-
cial circuit that shifts the dots slightly to produce two more
colors, giving a total of six.

Where the standard Hi-Res display puts 280 dots across
the screen, the double Hi-Res display puts 560 dots across the
screen. With twice as many dots, it takes four adj acent dots to
make a pattern that the TV set displays as color. There are
sixteen possible ways four dots can be on and off, making six-
teen possible colors. The colors generated this way are the
same as the colors in standard Lo-Res graphics: black, white,
two grays that look the same, and twelve chromatic colors.

26 Apple Orchard

Sixteen-Color Graphics Is Better

Sixteen-color Hi-Res not only gives you more colors than
standard Hi-Res, it also lets you display any combination of
those colors with no limitations. That’s right: it doesn’t
make those orange stair-steps you get in standard Hi-Res
every time you draw a diagonal blue line on a green back-
ground.

The color limitation in standard Hi-Res is due to the dot-
shift technique that the Apple II uses to obtain the second
pair of Hi-Res colors. That technique also causes a second,
more subtle problem: when using the dot- shift colors, the last
dot from each byte is only half the normal width, and hence
dim. Double Hi-Res mode dispenses with the dot shift entire-
ly, so it is free from this defect.

One of the defects of standard Hi-Res is actually the fault of
the Hi-Res subroutines in Applesoft. In order to make line
drawing as quick as possible, the subroutines draw lines
only one dot wide. This causes problems with colored lines:
vertical lines in some positions don’t show, and nearly verti-
cal lines have gaps in them. The subroutines supplied with
this article give the user a choice of two line widths: one dot
wide, for 560-dot resolution black and white, and four dots
wide, for colored lines with no gaps. Table 1 lists the defects of
standard Hi-Res graphics that are corrected in double Hi-
Res.

Hardware Required for
the Double Hi-Res Display

The hardware required for the double Hi-Res display con-
sists of:

• an Apple //e with Rev B (or later) main logic board;

• the Extended 80-column text card installed in the Aux-
iliary slot;

• the Jumper installed on the extended 80-column card.

You can find the revision level of your Apple //e by remov-
ing the cover and looking along the back of the main logic
board, under the words ‘'Apple Computer Inc.” On a
Revision-B machine, you’ll see the part number 820-0064-B.
If your Apple //e has a part number ending with A and you
want to use the double Hi-Res display, you’ll have to do two
things: (1) purchase an Extended 80-Column Text Card, and
then (2) see your dealer to have a Revision B board installed
in your Apple //e.

At last count, authorized Apple dealers were upgrading
Revision A boards to Revision B with no charge for Apple //e
owners who can demonstrate a need for it. Take this article
along to show the dealer why you need it.

WARNING: If the main logic board in your Apple // e
is Revision A, don’t install an auxiliary card with the
jumper installed. If you do, your Apple //e won’t
work.

Applesoft HGR routines

Some vertical colored
lines don’t appear.

Near- vertical colored
lines are broken.

Line drawing doesn’t always
use latest color (you must
use HPLOT first).

Some colors cannot
appear next to each other
in some positions.

Diagonal lines have extra
dots, making them look bum-

py-

With shifted colors, bits on
right-hand byte boundaries
display as half- width dots
and look dim.

Sixteen-Color Subroutines

All vertical colored lines
appear.

Near- vertical colored
lines are solid.

Line-drawing routine
always uses the latest color.

Any colors can appear next to
each other in any positions.

Diagonal lines don’t have
extra dots.

Doesn’t use color shifting, so
dot width is not affected by
bit position in byte.

Table 1. Comparison of problems with standard Hi-
Res displays.

If you want to find out the reasons for these requirements,
read the sidebar about the hardware and the section on
selecting double Hi-Res from a program.

For the double Hi-Res display to work, you need to install a
card that has memory in the Hi-Res page addresses into the
Auxiliary Slot. In addition to the requisite memory, the card
must also have a jumper that connects pins 50 and 55 of the
Auxiliary Slot. The Apple Extended 80-Column Text Card
meets both these requirements.

The Sixteen-Color Hi-Res Subroutines

The subroutines in Listing 1 provide a way for you to start
programming with double Hi-Res displays. The main fea-
tures of the subroutines are:

• Drawing dots and lines in black and white with horizon-
tal resolution of 560.

January 1984 27

• Drawing dots and lines in any of the sixteen standard
Lo-Res colors with effective resolution between 140 and
560, depending on the colors used.

• Overcoming certain limitations of standard Applesoft
Hi-Res graphics, as shown in Table 1.

• Supporting Applesoft programs via ampersand state-
ments, as shown in Table 2.

The subroutines give you a choice of two line widths for
drawing dots and lines. To set the line width to 1 for high-
resolution black-and-white displays, use the & PEN state-
ment. To set the line width to 4 for color, use the & BRUSH
statement. You can switch from one width to the other at any
time. Drawing with four dots makes a point or line visible in
any position, no matter what color it is.

(Note: In Brush mode, you can put a wide dot or line on

any 560-dot boundary. However, some colors will not give
you the full 560-dot resolution, because with color some dots
are on and others are off, as explained in the sidebar on color.
That’s show biz.)

& DG Initializes the double Hi-Res display.

& PEN Sets the line width to 1 for 560-dot

horizontal resolution.

& BRUSH Sets the line width to 4 for 16-color
plotting.

& HUE c Sets the color for subsequent com-

mands. Standard color values are 0 to
15. A value of 128 or greater selects
reverse drawing.

& BKGND Sets the entire display to the current
color.

& DOT AT x,y Draws a dot of the current color at
position (x,y), with x between 0 and
559, y between 0 and 191.

& LINE TO x,y Draws a line of the current color from
the last position to position (x,y), with
X between 0 and 559, y between 0
and 191.

Table 2. Ampersand statements for use in Apple-
soft programs.

Assembling the Subroutines

The sixteen-color Hi-Res subroutines in Listing 1 are writ-
ten in 6502 Assembly language using the EdAsm assembler
in the Apple DOS Toolkit. When you assemble the sub-
routines, EdAsm creates a codefile whose name is the name of
the source file plus the suffix .OBJO; in this case, the name
will be LISTING l.OBJO. You should use the RENAME
command to change the name to something more appro riate.
The demo programs load the subroutines under the name
NEW SUBS.

Listing 1 shows the subroutines assembled with the origin
at $6000 (decimal 24576), just above the second Hi-Res
graphics page. The code for the subroutines occupies 1,084
(hexadecimal $43C) bytes. Unless your Applesoft programs
are small enough that the program and variables will fit
below the Hi-Res graphics Page 1, which starts at 8192 (hex-
adecimal $2000), you should put the Applesoft variables
safely above the subroutines by setting LOMEM to 25660.

If your Applesoft program alone is too large to fit below Hi-
Res Page 1, you’ll have to start the Applesoft program and
data storage above it, at 16384 ($4000). Because there is no
Applesoft command to do this, you’ll have to modify the
Applesoft program and data pointers in page zero. Appendix
H of the Applesoft BASIC Programmer’s Reference Manual,
Volume 2, lists the pertinent locations.

With the Applesoft program and data out of the space
below Hi-Res Page 1, you can put the subroutines down
there, say at 7000 (hexadecimal $1B58), by changingthe ORG
statement in line 75 and re-assembling.

Loading the Subroutines

The subroutines include a routine that enables them to
work with Applesoft programs via the ampersand state-
ments listed in Table 2. To load the subroutines and activate
the ampersand feature, use the BRUN command. To do this
from your program, include the following statements near
the beginning:

10 LET D$ = CHR$(13) + CHR$(4)

20 PRINT D$;"BRUN NEW SUBS"

(Note: This assumes that you have renamed the object file

NEW SUBS.)

Once the subroutines are loaded and the ampersand fea-
ture is active, you can run Applesoft programs that use the
ampersand statements for sixteen-color Hi-Res. You can also
use the ampersand statements from the keyboard. As soon as
you reset the machine or run any routines that use the amper-
sand feature for something else, the sixteen-color Hi-Res
statements will not work any more; you’ll have to activate the
subroutines again with another BRUN statement.

If you want to use the subroutines with your machine-
language programs, you can either incorporate them into
your source files or load them separately. Notice that some of
the entry points shown in the table at lines 186 to 194 pick up
parameters from BASIC via the subroutine DHFNS and the
Applesoft routine GETBYT. Your program should enter the
subroutines after such calls, and with the parameters in the
accumulator (for the color-setting routine at DHCOLRl) or in
the accumulator and the index registers (for the dot-drawing
routine at DHPLTO and the line-drawing routine at
DHLINO). The other subroutines (DHINIT, DHBKG,
DHPEN, and DHBRUSH) take no parameters, so your pro-
gram should call the same locations that BASIC uses.

28 Apple Orchard

ASK FOR FREE CATALOG

PHONE IN
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TO ADMIT THAT YOU MADE

Circle HelpCard No. 32

5 REM 16-Color Demo #1:

Color Whoel

10 GOTO 1010

15 REM Circle subroutine
20 LET XO « XO MX:YO * YO + MY

25 FOR CX * 0 TO R - 1

30 : LET CY * SQR (R * R - CX *

CX)

35 : LET PX * CX CX
40 : & DOT AT XO - PXi YO - CY
45 : & LINE TO XO - PX, YO + CY
50 : & DOT AT XO + PX. YO - CY
55 : ii LINE TO XO + PX, YO CY
60 NEXT
65 RETURN

1000 REM Main program start
1010 PRINT CHR* (13)i CHR* (4)i
**BRUN NEW SUBS"

1020 & DG: ii BRUSH

1030 LET XO * 0:Y0 * 0
1040 LET CX » CY « PX « QX » 0
1050 REM

: CONSTANTS:

1060 : SX = 27: SY « 13. 5

1070 :DX « 3 * SX:DY = 3 * SY

1080 :MX « 275: FX = 555

1090 : MY « 96: FY = 191

2000 REM Draw circles

2010 LET XO « O.YO * 0

2020 ii HUE « 10

2030 LET R = DX

2040 GOSUB 20

2050 LET XO = 0:Y0 = 0

2060 ii HUE = 15

2070 LET R = DY

2080 GOSUB 20

3000 REM Draw color chips

3010 FOR I = 1 TO 12

3020 : READ CiNX,NY

3030 : LET XO = NX * DX

3040 : LET YO = NY * DY

3050 : LET R = SY

3060 : & HUE = C

3070 : GOSUB 20

3080 NEXT

10000 REM DATA: COLOR, NX, NY
10300 DATA 1 , 0, -2, 8, -2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 4
, 0 , 2

10400 DATA 9, -1. 07, -1. 07, 3, 1. 07,
-1. 07, 12, -1. 07, 1. 07, 6, 1. 07, 1
. 07

10500 DATA 11, 0, 95, 13, 95, 0, 7
, . 95, 0i 14, 0, . 95

Listing 2

The BASIC Demo Programs

The photographs of sixteen-color Hi-Res displays that
grace this article were created by Applesoft BASIC pro-
grams using the sixteen-color subroutines. Two of those pro-
grams are listed at the end of the article. You can use them as
examples of the ampersand statements and as tests for your
copy of the sixteen-color subroutines.

Listing 2 is a program named COLOR WHEEL. It draws a
diagram (a cross between a color wheel and a paint box)
showing the colors in their proper order, instead of the usual
order of the color numbers. It draws the neutral shades white
and gray as concentric discs on black, then draws the chro-
matic colors as smaller discs placed on the large discs accord-
ing to their brightness. The standard Hi-Res colors green,
purple, blue, and orange are medium-brightness colors, so
they fall on the gray disc. The other colors come in pairs hav-
ing the same hue but different brightnesses:

• dark red and pink (light red),

• brown (dark yellow) and yellow,

• dark blue and light blue, and

• dark green and light green.

Listing 3 is a program called CUBES that is a little more
ambitious. It takes advantage of the brightness relationships
of the colors to drav/ solid colored cubes. You can group the
twelve chromatic colors to make four sets of three colors hav-
ing similar hues but three different brightnesses, for exam-
ple, dark blue, medium blue, and light blue. Depending on
your taste in colors, the combination of dark red, purple, and
pink may seem to be stretching the point, but the resulting
picture makes a nice effect.

A Note About Text Displays

If you use the Applesoft TEXT statement to switch back to
a text display after using double Hi-Res graphics, the display
hardware will still be set to show 80 columns. If you don’t
have the 80-column firmware turned on, every other column
will be meaningless characters from the auxiliary text page.
To avoid getting this confused display, you should turn on the
80-column firmware before using the double Hi-Res display.
To turn on the firmware, type

PR#3

If the firmware is already on but displaying in 40-column
mode, press CONTROL- R to switch to the 80-column display.
After that, typing TEXT during double Hi-Res displays will
restore the correct 80-column display.

Another way to avoid getting the confused text display is
to turn off the double Hi-Res mode by pressing CONTROL-
RESET. That switches off the 80-column firmware, if it was
on, and restores the 40-column display. It also sets Annun-
ciator 3 back on, so you’ll have to turn it off the next time you
display double Hi-Res.

Writing Your Own Sixteen Color Routines

If you want to develop powerful programs with sixteen-
color Hi-Res, the subroutines in Listing 1 are only a begin-
ning. They are based on the Hi-Res routines used in Applesoft,
which are described and listed in the manual for the Apple
Programmer’s Aid #1. I wrote the subroutines primarily to

30 Apple Orchard

generate the sixteen-color displays that illustrate this article.
I don’t claim that they represent the ultimate in Hi-Res
graphics programming, but they may have a feature or two
worth examining.

F or example, the line-drawing subroutine draws smoother
lines than the standard Hi-Res HPLOT routine. HPLOT is
very simple and hence very compact, but it draws too many
dots in diagonal lines. My routine (starting at label DHLIN in
the listing) draws diagonals with a preferred direction to
avoid drawing the extra dots. The method is called Bresen-
ham’s Line Algorithm, and you can find it in the standard
references for computer graphics listed in the bibliography.

One detail you might find puzzling is the add-immediate
(ADC #3). at the beginning of the subroutine labelled
DHSPN. The primary job of this subroutine is shifting the
color pattern to one of four possible arrangements, depend-
ing on the low-order bits of the byte address. If it just uses
patterns derived directly from the color values, the sub-
routine draws colors that do not match the colors you get in
Lo-Res. By adding 3 (modulo 4) to the number of times to shift
the patterns, the subroutine makes the colors match their Lo-
Res counterparts.

How to Select the Double Hi-Res Display

To write your own routines, you’ll need to know how to con-
trol the double Hi-Res display and how to use the display buf-
fers in the auxiliary memory. The descriptions that follow are
based on the information in two Apple manuals:

• Apple //e Reference Manual

• Apple //e Extended 80-Column Text Card Supplement

To switch display modes on the Apple //e, you read or write
to the soft switches: reserved addresses in the I/O space (the
$C000 memory addresses). The next few paragraphs tell how
to set the switches for double Hi-Res, as listed in Table 3.

Normally, you select Hi-Res graphics by setting the TEXT,
MIXED, and PAGE2 soft switches off, and setting the
HIRES soft switch on (or else you invoke an initialization
routine, such as HGR in Applesoft, that does this for you). To
select the double Hi-Res display, you also have to turn on a
new soft switch named 80COL and turn off Annunciator 3.
(Note: The double Hi-Res subroutines listed below set the

appropriate soft switches when your program issues the &
DG statement.)

The soft switch that selects the 80-column display mode on
the Apple //e is named 80COL. The addresses for this soft
switch are:

80C0L on: 49165 ($C00D)

80C0L off: 49164 ($C00C)

As with most of the soft switches that are new with the
Apple //e, you turn these switches on and off only by writing.
(If you read these addresses, you get the keyboard data and
strobe and there is no effect on the display.)

Even when you have installed all of the necessary hard-
ware and set all of the soft switches for the double Hi-Res dis-
play, you still need a way to override the circuit (described in
the sidebar about the hardware) that forces normal graphics
modes with 80-column text. Unfortunately, with all the other
new features on the Apple //e, the soft-switch addresses are
all used for something. None is available for turning off the
graphics normalizing circuit.

100 REM 16-Cblor Demo #2:
3-D Cubes

110 PRINT CHR» (13); CHR* (4);"
BRUN NEW SUBS"

120 REM Draw background lines

130 DG: HUE » 15: & PEN

140 FOR X » 1 TO 560 STEP 40

150 : & DOT AT X, 0

160 : & LINE TO X, 191

170 NEXT

180 & BRUSH

190 REM Draw 5 rows. . .

200 FOR XZ - 0 TO 4

210 : REM ... 4 cubes in row

220 : FOR YZ = 0 TO 3

230 : REM Position of cube:

240 : : LET XO = XZ * 80 + YZ * 40

250 : : LET YO * 20 + YZ * 40
260 :: READ C, D, E: REM Colors
270 : : IF C < 99 THEN 300

280 : : RESTORE : READ C, D, E
290 : : REM Left part of cube:

300 : : FOR I = 0 TO 9

310 : : LET J« I + I:K = J + J

320 : : LET X = XO + K: Y = YO - I

330 :
340 :
350 :
360 :
370 :
380 :
390 :
400 :
410 :
420 :
430 :
440 :
450 :
460 :
470 :
480 :
490 :
500 :
510 :
520 :
530 :
540
550
10000
10010

10020

10030

: 8t HUE = C

: ii DOT AT X, Y

: & LINE TO X, Y + J
: & HUE » D

: «« LINE TO X, Y + J + 30
: NEXT

: LET XO = XO + 40

REM Right part of cube:

: FOR I = 0 TO 9
: LET J = I + I:K = J + J
: LET J = 20 - J

: LET X = XO + K

: LET Y = YO - 10 + I

: ii HUE = C
: & DOT AT X, Y
: & LINE TO X, Y + J
: & HUE = E
: St DOT AT X, Y + J
: S-. LINE TO X, Y + J + 30
: NEXT

REM End of outer loops
NEXT : NEXT
END

REM Color values

DATA 7, 6, 2, 13, 9. 8, 1 1 . 3, 1 , 1
4, 12, 4

DATA 1 1 , 3, 1 , 14, 12, 4, 7, 6, 2,
13, 9, 8

DATA 99,99,99

Listing 3

January 1984 31

Switch Function: Address:

Decimal

Hexadecimal

TEXT off

49232

$C050

MIXED off

49234

$C052

PAGE2 off

49236

$C054

HIRES on

49239

$C057

80COL on

49165-

$C00D *

Annunciator 3 off

49246

$C05E

Table 3. Soft switch settings for the double Hi-Res
graphics display.

* Note: You must write to this address, rather than read, to
set this soft switch.

In place of a soft switch, the jumper on the extended 80-
column card connects the normalizing circuit to Annunciator
3, which is normally on, having been set when you turned on
or reset the Apple //e. To disconnect the normalizing circuit,
thereby enabling the double graphics mode, you turn Annun-
ciator 3 off by reading or writing to address 49246 ($C05E).
To restore the normal graphics modes with 80-character text,
you turn Annunicator 3 back on by reading or writing to
address 49247 ($C05F).

How to Store Data in
the Double Hi-Res Display

To store data into the double Hi-Res display, you write to
parts of main and auxiliary memory that are addressed in the
same way but accessed separately. The Apple //e Reference
Manual describes two different ways to write to the auxiliary
memory. Table 4 lists the soft switches for the recommended
method of writing to the display pages.

The soft switch that makes it possible to write to the aux-
iliary display pages is named 80STORE. The addresses for
80STORE are:

80STORE on: 49153 ($C001)

80ST0RE off: 49152 ($C000)

As with the 80COL soft switch, you turn these switches on
and off only by writing.

Turning on 80 STORE redefines the function of the PAGE2
switch. Instead of switching the display from Page 1 to Page
2, it now switches the display memory for reading and writing
from main to auxiliary. (Like the use of Annunciator 3, this
double use of the PAGE2 soft switch is due to the shortage of
soft-switch addresses.) With the 80STORE switch on, chang-
ing the P AGE2 switch does not affect the display; the // e con-
tinues to display Page 1.

To write to the auxiliary Hi-Res display page, you also
need to have the HIRES soft switch on. If you forget to set the
HIRES switch on, the PAGE2 switch will affect only the
addresses in the text display page and your attempts to write
into the Hi-Res page in auxiliary memory will write into main
memory instead.

Switch Function: Address:

Decimal

Hexadecimal

HIRES on:

49239

$C057

80STORE on:

49153 -

$C001 -

Access Auxiliary Display

Memory (PAGE2 on):

49237

$C055

Access Main Display

Memory (PAGE2 off):

49236

$C054

Table 4. Soft switch settings for writing to the double
Hi-Res graphics pages.

* Note: You must write to this address, rather than read, to
turn on the soft switch.

Annotated Bibliography

Espinosa, C. Apple II Reference Manual. Cupertino, CA: Apple
Computer, Inc, 1979. Contains hardcore information about the
Apple II and the Apple II Plus. Describes the standard display
modes and their memory maps.

Foley, J., and Van Dam, A. Fundamentals of Interactive Com-
puter Graphics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.,
1982. Up-to-date computer science reference and tutorial; in-
cludes an analysis of Bresenham’s Line Algorithm.

Lancaster, D. TV Typewriter Cookbook. Indianapolis, IN:
Howard W. Sams & Co., 1976. An excellent introduction to com-
puter text displays.

Lancaster, D. Enhancing Your Apple II, Volume I. Indianapolis,
IN: Howard W. Sams & Co., 1982. Read with care; this book
could turn you into a computer hacker. Includes a full description
of a color pattern routine that displays any of 191 so-called
“solid” colors.

Newman, W., and Sproul, R. Principles of Interactive Computer
Graphics, Second Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Com-
pany, 1979. Another serious computer science reference and
tutorial; includes an analysis of Bresenham’s Line Algorithm.

Watson, A. Apple //e Reference Manual. Cupertino, CA: Apple
Computer, Inc, 1982. The master reference for the Apple //e. De-
scribes the standard display modes and tells how to use the aux-
iliary memory.

Watson, A. Apple //e Extended 80-Column Text Card Supple-
ment. Cupertino, CA: Apple Computer, Inc, 1982. Tells how to
use the auxiliary memory. Includes procedures that enable a
program to determine which model Apple II it is running on.

Watson, A. “A Simplified Theory of Video Graphics, Part 1.”
Byte, Vol. 5, No. 11. Peterborough, NH: Byte Publications, Inc.,
Nov. 1980. An introduction to computer graphics, including
character-cell and bit-map methods.

Watson, A. “A Simplified Theory of Video Graphics, Part 2.”
Byte, Vol. 5, No. 12. Peterborough, NH: Byte Publications, Inc.,
Dec. 1980. Introduction to computer graphics, continued: a gen-
eral description of color graphics.

32 Apple Orchard

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□oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

inoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

January 1984 33

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I Canada orders must be in U S. dollars. Visa - MasterCard - C O D. •

ENTERPRIZES iWE LOVE OUR CUSTOMERS)

BOX 550, BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010
Phone 312/382 5244 to order

Circle HelpCard No. 46

True Sixteen-Color Hi-Res - Listing 1 (continued)

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January 1984 39

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40 Apple Orchard

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A disk containing all of
the listings shown in the
True 1 6 - Color Hi - Res
articie is now avaiiable.

If you would rather not
type in all of this your-
self, send $1 5.00 to:

Apple Orchard
P.O. Box 6502
Cupertino, CA 9501 5

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January 1984 41

How the Double Hi-Res Hardware Came To Be

T he story of the double Hi-Res display starts with the
text display. A normal Apple II displays forty col-
umns of text. Each text character is generated from a
byte of ASCII data stored in a 1,024-byte display page (only
960 characters are actually displayed). The computer’s dis-
play circuits select a new byte of data every microsecond. The
character generator decodes the byte and produces a charac-
ter image in a seven-by-eight-dot rectangle on the display
screen. Each line of a character image takes one microsecond
to display, so the dots are sent to the display at a rate of seven
megahertz (7 MHz).

To see how this works, refer to Figure 1, which is a block
diagram of the video memory fetch and display circuits. Start
with the address bus, which is connected both to main
memory and to auxiliary memory. Both memories get the
address at the same time, and the respective video buffers
load data at the same time, but the video data bus takes the
data from the buffers individually on alternate ticks of the
main system clock. (The clock signals are indicated on the
diagram as 00 and 01, where the Greek letter phi stands for
phase). Look at Figure 2 to see how the timing in 80-column
mode compares with that in 40-column mode.

To display eighty columns of text, the computer must store
twice as much display data (2048 bytes), and it must address
the data and send dots to the display twice as fast as normal.
The video circuit has to get two bytes of data during each mi-
crosecond and send the video dots out at double the normal
rate; that is, at 14 MHz. The Apple //e performs the trick of
getting twice as much video data in the same amount of time
by interleaving bytes from auxiliary memory and bytes from
main memory.

This approach to the 80-column text option is quite satis-
factory, but it raises several interesting questions. For exam-
ple, what does the Hi-Res display do when you switch to the
double dot rate for 80-columns? And what do you see if you
switch to 80-column Hi-Res while using an auxiliary card
that has memory only in the text display page? As a result of
these questions, the designers added a circuit to the Apple //e
that makes the graphics modes behave normally even when
the eighty-column text option is on. That means you can have
mixed-mode displays that combine eighty-column text with
normal graphics. It also means that you can’t have double Hi-
Res without somehow circumventing that circuit; that’s the

42 Apple Orchard

Time (microseconds)

40-col. text

80-col. text

Figure 2. Timing of video data bytes. (For 80-column
text mode, the figure shows the boxes for bytes in main
memory displaced upward and those for bytes in auxiliary
memory displaced downward.)

For programs to use the 80-column text display, they have
to be able to store display data into the memory on the card.
The memory on the main logic board and the auxiliary
memory on the card both have the same addresses. With the
addresses the same, there must be some other way for the
computer to switch between main memory and auxiliary
memory so that the display routines can store data into the
80-column display. The Apple //e has a new soft switch
named 80 STORE that makes PAGE2 perform this function.

Here are some more interesting questions. Once you have
the means to access the 1,024 bytes of text display memory on
the card, what’s to stop you from putting more auxiliary
memory out there and using it for ordinary (non-display)
data? Better yet, what happens when you switch to the 80-
column timing with the Hi-Res graphics display (assuming
there is valid memory in the Hi-Res graphics page on the
card)? These questions are answered with the extended 80-

Time (microseconds) >

column card, which has 64K of RAM and the double Hi-
Res display.

The Hi-Res graphics display is bit-mapped; that is, the
actual bit patterns are stored in memory. In Hi-Res mode, the
output of the character- generator ROM (shown in Figure 1) is
the same as its input. In effect, the ROM simply passes the
video data bits on to the parallel-to-serial shift register,
which reads seven bits from the ROM and sends them out one
at a time. Figure 3 shows the timing of the resulting bit
streams. To produce a double Hi-Res display, your Apple //e
must have memory on the 80-column card in the address
space that corresponds to the Hi-Res graphics page. The
computer fetches bytes from main memory and auxiliary
memory at the same time and sends dots to the display at the
14 MHz rate. F or each pair of bytes, it displays the seven low-
order bits from the byte in auxiliary memory (on the card)
first, followed by the bits from the main-memory byte.

Normal

Hi-Res

Bits

Double

Hi-Res

Bits

Figure 3. Timing of bits in Hi-Res graphics. (For dou-
ble Hi-Res, the figure shows the boxes for bits from main

memory displaced upward and those for bits from aux- ^

iliary memory displaced downward.) ®

January 1984 43

How the Dot Patterns Produce Colors

A full explanation of what goes on when a color televi-
sion set displays double Hi-Res video is beyond the
scope of this article. Color television is strange and wonder-
ful, involving concepts such as phase and pass band that have
no exact counterparts in the world of bits and bytes. For our
purposes, it is enough to know something about the way a TV
set (or a composite color monitor) displays the double Hi-Res
video produced by the Apple //e.

The TV set or video monitor extracts the color information
from the parts of the video signal that match a certain fre-
quency. The Apple //e generates a video signal made up of
dots at the right frequency so that the arrangement of the
dots creates the color signals. You can think of the process
that goes on inside the TV set as comparing the dot patterns
with sixteen virtual templates, one for each color. (Note: The
color templates are not real; they are simply the method I
have chosen to describe the way a TV set interprets the dot
patterns making up the computer’s video signal.)

Here is a list of the characteristics of the computer patterns
that the TV set decodes to produce color:

• Any horizontal line of four adjacent double Hi-Res dots
has a color. (The line of four dots does not have to be on an
even four-dot boundary.)

• The color for any four-dot line is defined by the color tem-

plate that matches the pattern made by the four dots.

• Each color template consists of the same four-dot pat-

tern repeated over and over, starting at the left side of
the display.

• There are sixteen possible four-dot patterns, so there are
sixteen color templates, one for each color. (See Table
5 .)

• The TV set blurs together the individual dots in any four-
dot line. (Strictly speaking, a display on a TV set cannot
have 560-dot horizontal resolution, although it can show
560 different horizontal positions.) When you examine the
color patterns in Table 5, you’ll find that the way the dots
are arranged in the patterns looks backward. That’s
because the video circuit sends the bits to the display
starting with the low-order bit of the byte. For example,
for color number one the bit pattern is 0001 and the dot
pattern is 1000.

Consider the portion of the double Hi-Res display shown in
Figure 4. The scale at the top of the diagram shows bit
positions in the color templates. The scale below it shows bit
positions in bytes of memory. (Note: The Apple II displays
only seven bits from each byte.) To produce an image on the
display, you have to set bits on and off in the appropriate
memory locations as shown by the scale of bit positions. To
produce the desired color, you have to set the bits to match the
correct color template.

The four-dot color patterns don’t fit onto the seven-dot
byte boundaries at all. As a result, the particular arrange-

Bits in

Color

Templates

12 3 4

Bits on Byte
Boundaries

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2 3 4 5 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Figure 4. The relationship between bits in the dou-
ble Hi-Res display page and the color templates.

44 Apple Orchard

Color

Dot

Name

Number

Pattern

Black

0 0 0 0

Dark Red

10 0 0

Dark Blue

0 10 0

Purple

110 0

Dark Green

0 0 10

Gray 1

10 10

Medium Blue

0 110

Light Blue

1110

Brown

0 0 0 1

Orange

10 0 1

Gray 2

0 10 1

Pink

110 1

Green

0 0 11

Yellow

10 11

Light Green

0 111

White

1111

Table 5. Names, numbers, and dot patterns
for the sixteen colors.

ment of dots needed to draw a color is different for different
bytes. To see how this works, look at the top of Figure 4. The
bit pattern for the piece of the color template that corres-
ponds to the first byte has the color bits in the order 1, 2, 3, 4, 1,
2, 3. The fourth color bit becomes the first bit in the next byte;
the order of the color bits in that byte is 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2. The
color patterns for the next two bytes are shifted in the same
way. Only in the fifth byte does the pattern start to repeat.

As a result of the bad fit between the color templates and
the bits in the bytes, the subroutines have to figure out which

of four possible color patterns to use to draw the desired color
in a particular byte. That makes the subroutines somewhat
complicated, but is of no concern to the programs that use
them.

The diagram in Figure 4 shows two diagonal lines. One line
starts in the upper-left corner and consists of single dots. The
numbers correspond to successive positions in the color tem-
plates. If you do all your drawing only in black and white, this
method of drawing lines works very well, and gives you the
full 560 dots of horizontal resolution. On the other hand, if you
try to make color displays this way, you’ll run into a couple of
problems. For one thing, drawing a single dot does not define
an entire four-dot color pattern, so you can’t control the color
you get: it depends partly on the dot you set and partly on its
neighbors. Furthermore, if you try to draw a colored line by
setting single dots on or off to match the color pattern, the line
will have gaps in it wherever the bit from the color pattern
matches the background. (Note: The standard Hi-Res rou-
tines in Applesoft show vertical gaps of this kind because
they draw colored lines one bit wide.)

To get predictable color, you have to set four adjacent dots
to match the color template, as indicated by the wide diagonal
stripe starting halfway across the diagram in Figure 4. This
method keeps the colors under control and avoids the gaps
you get with single-dot drawing in color. If you use a high-
resolution black and white monitor, you can see the indivi-
dual dots in the color patterns and, of course, they don’t make
colors. On a color TV set or composite color monitor, the
individual dots blur together, as indicated in Figure 5, and
produce color on the display.

The diagram in Figure 5 shows how the diagonal lines of
Figure 4 would look drawn with the color green. Notice that
the one-dot- wide line on the left not only has the vertical gaps

Green Color

Tleiiplate

0 0 11

♦

□

♦

□

♦

□

♦

□

♦

±]

Figure 5. Color dots in lines drawn with the color
green. The asterisks (*) represent display dots that are
on; the plus signs (+) represent the apparent broadening of
the dots caused by the way the TV set works.

January 1984 45

Green Color
Template

0 0 11

Purple Color
Template

110 0

Colors as
Drawn

-green-

->|< purple-

Line of Dots

** ** ♦♦ ^

Unwanted White Displayed at Boimdary

Figure 6. Typical boundary defect with standard Hi-
Res colors.

mentioned above, it isn’t even green: the color patterns that
have single dots in those positions produce the colors dark
green and brown. Also notice that the effective resolution
goes down when you draw in color. The diagonal lines that
stepped by single dots when drawn in white on black now
make three-dot steps for an effective horizontal resolution
of 185.

Even though it’s superior to standard Hi-Res in many
ways, sixteen-color Hi-Res still suffers from the color inter-
ference along vertical boundaries that we’re all familiar with
in standard Hi-Res. As you might expect, using the standard
Hi-Res colors in a double Hi-Res display produces the same
effects that you get with standard Hi-Res. Figure 6 is a
diagram showing what happens at the boundary between
two standard Hi-Res colors in a double Hi-Res display. Re-
member that the TV set or monitor acts'as if it were scanning
the dot patterns with a four-dot wind€)^v and interpreting the
four-dot color patterns on every dot boundary. Where unlike
colors touch, the four dots that span the boundary make up

another pattern that the TV set displays as another color. (In
this case it’s white, but changing the position of the boundary
between the colors can change the unwanted color to black or
some other color.)

The unwanted boundary colors in sixteen-color displays
are sometimes less apparent than you might expect. The
worst cases of interference occur with the standard Hi-Res
colors; surprisingly, many of the added colors do not mis-
behave so badly. If you experiment with different colors at
the boundaries, you’ll discover that the interference is much
less between related colors. (One way to determine whether
two colors are related is to compare the color numbers bit by
bit. If all the bits that are on in one bit pattern are also on in
the other, the two colors are related.)

For example. Figure 7 shows a boundary between the
related colors dark green and light blue. In this case, there is
no interference at all: the dot pattern on the boundary (1011)
matches the pattern at that position in the light blue color
template.

Dark Green

Color

Taiplate

Light Blue

Color

Tenplate

Colors as
Drawn

Line of Dots

0 0 10

1110

__ y

1 1 1 1 ^

CUU.JV

♦

♦ ♦ ♦

♦ ♦ 1 ♦ 1

Li^t Blue Displayed at Boundary

•>

46 Apple Orchard

Figure 7. Absence of boundary defect with some
double Hi-Res colors.

DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK

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Apple/Franklin Compatible Drives Complete with Controller . . . ,\$259.95

Model l/lll/IV Memory Upgrade SCall Toll Free

Printers — Daisywheel/Dot Matrix $ Call Toll Free

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Repair Services Now Offered — Fast Turn-a-Round $ Call Toll Free

Warranty on Disk Drives — 6 Months — Extended Warranty $ Call Toll Free

SOFTWARE SUPPORT, INC.

One Edgell Road, Framingham, MA 01701 (617) 872-9090

Hours: Mon. thru Fri. 9:30 am to 5:30 (E.S.T.) Sat. 10 am to 4:30 pm

Dealer inquiries invited.

1 TM TANDY CORPORATION

2 TM ZENITH DATA SYSTEMS

3 tm apple computer CORP.

4 TM franklin computer, INC.

5 TM IBM CORPORATION

6 TM TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
© Copyright 1983

S3Aiaa >isia saAiaa >isia s3Aiaa msiq S3Ama >isia S3Aiaa >isia S3Aiaa >isia S3Aiaa >isia s3Aiaa >isia

TERMS:

M.C./Visa/Afnex and personal
checks accepted at no extra charge.
C.O.D., please add $3.00.

Shipping: Please call for amount.

Not responsible for typographical errors.

Canada

MICRO R.G.S. INC.

751, CARRE ViCTORIA, SUiTE 403 '

MONtREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA, H2Y 2J3

Regular Tel. (514) 845-1534
Canadian Toll Free 800-361-5155

Circle HelpCard No. 53

DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK DRIVES DISK

Software

from the Consumer’s
Point of View

by Louis H Miirad

/^T LEAST HALF of the available applications software
y ^ that would have been acceptable to the microcom-
puter user two years ago would now be discarded as
ineffective or insufficient. The sophistication in hardware has
been very closely accompanied by substantially improved,
first class and very efficient software. Early microcomputer
software products were the efforts of small, new firms; many
of these became quite successful.

Realizing the business potential, many of the traditional
minicomputer software houses have gotten into designing
applications programs for microcomputers. These companies
have used their experience in user response, friendliness and
reaction to modify many of their minicomputer applications.
General accounting programs, for example, have become
fully integrated modular packages designed by people with a
business background. Contrast that with the question asked
by an early programmer: “What’s an audit trail?”

There’s a wide selection of software for any particular
application. It doesn’t take much thought to name fifteen
word processors for the Apple II, with varying levels of soph-
istication. A key point to remember when making your selec-
tion: some of these word processors were created by touch
typists and some were not; the control/function key layout
may not follow your habits.

Similarly, a mild flood of user definable data bases is now
occurring. New and improved spreadsheet programs are also
appearing. More and more specific applications are also on
the market. Competition is keen, and in order for a software
supplier to survive in this marketplace, he or she must re-
member that today’s user is more sophisticated and critical
than the user of even a year and a half ago.

All of a sudden, the minicomputer manufacturers and word
processing people are no longer ignoring the very prominent
presence of the microcomputer in the business environment.
The difficulty seems to be, however, how these manufac-

48 Apple Orchard

APPLE II Outperforms IBM PC
with 'Supermlnr
Virtual Memory Technology

If you need to get SERIOUS, POWERFUL, PROFES-
SIONAL results from your II + / e, for Business or Engineer-
ing applications, nothing comes close to MegaTASK PLUS!
Modelled on and developed from minicomputer-based com-
mercial timesharing software available to large corporations
for thousands of dollars annually, MegaTASK PLUS is
primarily designed for the APPLE II owner who demands
quick, effective analytical solutions to business pro-
blems — and immediate RELIEF from the frustrations and
limitations of using hundreds of dollars of mutually-
incompatible canned' software packages, or WORSE, pro-
gramming in Applesoft, assembly or Apple DOS!

MegaTASK PLUS is a combined, multi-product hardware-
and-software package that provides an instant Virtual
Memory expansion, an Applesoft-compatible SuperBASIC,
and a series of Business Management packages that greatly
enhance the power and value of the APPLE II in both
systems programming and business applications areas.
MegaTASK and MegaDOS employ multitasking, virtual
memory optimization and virtual storage technology, which,
until now, were limited only to mainframes and the super'
minicomputers. The SMARTCHIP™, an Intel 8748 Single-
Chip Plug-In Microcomputer, provides sufficient processing
power to enable your APPLE II to outperform both the IBM
PC and Apple's new Macintosh computer. Yet, all you need
to begin is an APPLE II series computer plus one diskette
drive. And generally, no modification to your existing
Applesoft programs, assemblies and DOS 3.3 files is necessary.

MegaTASK and MegaDOS accordingly generate an enor-
mous enhancement to the power available to the APPLE II
owner, specifically:

• Multitasking System processing techniques. (As
many as 16 PROGRAMS or TASKS can execute at
one time).

• The MegaDOS VS /OS (Virtual Memory Operating
System) can place within reach of your system
MEGABYTES of Virtual Memory. Largest program
size: 8 Megabytes. Largest ISAM file: 451 Megabytes.
Largest transparent core array: 75 million

FP numbers.

• 100-400 new Mainframe Basic commands bring
machine-language speeds to interpretive Basic.

Powerful instructions comprise extensions to
Applesoft that include many of the most useful com-
mands found in FORTRAN, COBOL, PL /I, ADA,
PASCAL and LOGO.

• Enormously simplified ease of programming —
modular, insulated routines, localized variables,
ability to pass variable names. Dependence on line
numbers totally removed.

• Substantially increased speeds: program execution
(3x-10x), file access (6x-10x), alpha data transfer rate
(2x-6x), and numeric transfer (>20x).

On the applications side, the 'PLUS' portion of MegaTASK
PLUS includes:

• Hardcopy and screen Business Graphics, Calc,

Database Management and Word Processing Appli-
cations Packages — plus Custom Modifiability.

• Editing Systems & Format-Related Commands

• Communications /Corporate Data Capture programs

• Text Manipulators and better-than-TSO Program
Editors

• Database Management Systems capable of main-
taining and sorting Supermini-Size Datafiles. Max-
imum single transparent file: 5.5 million records (if
80-chrs ea). File access time independent of file size.

• Report Generators and Strategic Business Analysis
programs — similar to those used by most of
America's Fortune 500 Corporations.

• The only system capable of taking full, transparent
advantage of one or more Corvus's, Profile's, Ram-
disks, 5-Megabyte replaceable hard-disk cartridges
and the coming Laser Disk units, bringing the
APPLE II up to minicomputer performance.

The MegaTASK PLUS product package includes:

• Manuals for MegaTASK, MegaDOS and
MEGABASE II in sparkling white binders

• 1 SMARTCHIP™ Memory Management Micro-
processor

• Six diskettes PACKED with applications programs,
including Mega GRAPH, Mega EDIT, Mega TEXT
and several Report Generator examples.

• A One-year Replacement Warranty on all products.

• A 60-day Financial Risk-Free Return Policy. If you
are not completely satisfied you can return the pro-
duct in good condition with proof-of-purchase for a
complete refund.

• A 14-hour-per-day telephone Hotline to support you
in your use of the entire MegaTASK PLUS series of
software packages.

Because of the much larger amount of memory that is
available to the Apple's microprocessor through Virtual
Memory, the increased processing speed, and the integration
of major applications packages PLUS custom modifiability by
users who Know Basic, MegaTASK PLUS may well surpass
or replace most of the worthwhile APPLE II program
packages currently available on the market. With the in-
troduction of this product. Quantum Leap has made a
commitment to be the technology leader in the area of busi-
ness software systems for personal computers. This will be
achieved through Quantum Leap Technologies' continuing
Applications Software Package Series — quarterly diskettes
ana manuals mailed free to purchasers of MegaTASK PLUS
for one year from date-of-purchase.

Quantum Leap software systems are designed to give you,
the user, powerful professional and business tools with which
to get the day's work done faster, more pleasantly, and more
professionally. We live in an exciting age for personal com- i-
puting. Multitasking and Virtual Memory promises to make
any computer substantially more powerful than is possible
with currently limited memory (Byte Magazine Editorial,

March 1983). Only MegaTASK PLUS offers you these
technologies. PLUS, standard Applications Packages to
capitalize on them — all available for your APPLE II!

QUmMIUM LEAP

^TECHNOLOGIES

BOX 7713

SILVER SPRING, MARYLAND 20910
(301) 565-4656

Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines

Also distributed on the West Coast by:

Data Link, 1225 Jefferson Davis Hwy., Arlington, VA 22202. (703) 486-5701

Circle HelpCard No. 48

turers fit into the market. IBM has introduced its own per-
sonal computer. Wang offers a CP/M package for its word
processor. Digital offers its small computers, and Xerox
markets a CP/M package for its stand alone dedicated
word processors.

Software

The cost of a packaged (rather than custom-designed)
applications program for a microcomputer ranges from one
eighth to one fifteenth of the cost of a similar package on a
minicomputer system. Once the initial package is developed,
the software house will attempt to recoup its developmental
cost(s) through volume sales. Given the number of microcom-
puter systems in the marketplace, there is avast and growing
potential for any microcomputer software package; certainly
much larger than the minicomputer market. Given this market-
place, there is also a natural forum for illegal duplication and
distribution of bona fide software applications.

Generally, when a user acquires a microcomputer system,
he acquires it for a particular use and the appropriate soft-
ware application packages will be identified to that user
either through his own research, advice of other users, or his
dealer. In acquiring the neatly-bound software applications
packages, the user should bear the following in mind:

1. In most instances, the user is not purchasing de facto
ownership of the software, but is only purchasing a right
or license to use that software under certain limited con-
ditions.

2. The right or license is generally terminable or cancellable
by the licensor (usually the software house) of the soft-
ware if the user, as licensee, breaches or violates any of the
terms of the license.

3. The license is what is generally referred to as a “non-
exclusive, non-transferrable” license, which in effect
means that the software house retains title to the program
and may enter into any number of agreements with any
number of users. It also means that your license as a user is
for your own personal use on a single computer at a
single location.

4. Although not evident in many of the earlier software appli-
cation packages, there is a growing tendency to include as
part of the manual a user licensing agreement which states
that if you wish to make use of the product, you do so under
the terms of the licensing agreement. By signing and
returning the warranty/registration card, you agree to
this.

5. Software user or licensing agreements and documentation
will specifically note that the program and all documenta-
tion are copyright protected and are proprietary to the
publisher or author, and that any duplication of the manual
(which is generally prohibited in the documentation) or
the program (provided that it may be duplicated only for
back-up or archival purposes) may result in the user being
liable for unauthorized duplication and distribution.

6. The software packages will contain the broadest available
“disclaimer clauses'’ which in effect provide that the soft-
ware is being sold on an “as is” basis and that although the
software house may warrant the storage medium to be
free from defects in workmanship and materials, it is the
user who assumes all the responsibility for operation of
the program and any possible malfunctions or loss of data
by the purchaser. It is a typical “buyer beware” situation.

Some Advice on Purchasing Programs

1. Many software houses have engaged in a technique known
as protecting or “locking” the program disk so that the
user is, or should be, unable to duplicate it. Although this
is done to protect the proprietary interest of the software
house and to prohibit (or inhibit) unauthorized duplica-
tion, prior to acquiring the package, ascertain that par-
ticular software house’s policy on providing back-up disks.
Ideally, if the disk is locked, the company should provide
two identical disks, one of which can be returned for re-
placement if damaged (normally at a nominal fee) while
you use the other one. Be cautious about purchasing any
software that does not, at the very least, offer this op-
portunity.

2. Assuming that the software licensing agreement author-
izes the user to duplicate the diskette, ensure that the very
first thing you do is to make one back-up disk. Actually,
the copy you made isn’t the back-up; it’s the disk you’ll
actually use in daily service while the original is in a
safe place.

3. Buy a number of blank disks at the same time, and become
suspicious of any disk you’ve used for more than six mon-
ths. Regular and cautious data back-up techniques should
be followed, bearing in mind that the disks are relatively
inexpensive, and back-up is a relatively quick process. The
consequences of not backing up data are far worse than
taking a few minutes every day to do that job.

4. When purchasing packaged software, ensure that the ver-
sion you are getting is the most recent one of that par-
ticular package. It is not unusual for software suppliers, in
their efforts to remain competitive, to up-date their pac-
kages throughout the course of the year. If you are uncer-
tain as to the currency of the version, make a note of the
version number or serial number of the package and call
the supplier.

5. Before purchasing the software, ascertain what the policy
of that particular software publisher is with regard to:

a) replacing blown or damaged disks (remember, it only
takes a bit of static electricity);

b) keeping you abreast of revisions and updates of the
package (is there a procedure for this, and how much
does it cost?);

c) how receptive are they to questions on problems en-
countered in operation of the software? Note that deal-
ers are most often not familiar with the finer points of
all of their products; they sell a wide variety of goods. If
you have a problem you’ll likely be dealing with the
manufacturer.

d) Is the program furnished in source code form and if so,
is it user-modifiable? What effect does any modifica-
tion have on the warranty, or on revisions and upgrades?
Many application programs have been locked, unmod-
ifiable, and rigid; these are now giving way to pro-
grams that allow the user to set keyboard command
codes, set up internal parameters for files and data,
etc.

These are the major points to consider in an applications
software purchase, except for the most important one of all:
does the package offer features that help you do your task? In
virtually every case, there is more than one product that can
do what you want. Don’t be led into buying the first or second
package you see.

50 Apple Orchard

The Best Selling 80-column Card For Apple

By the end of 1982, the Videoterm had outsold all other 80-column cards two to one. Today, the
Videoterm continues to be the standard for the Apple ][ and Apple ][ plus. This is the ideal
80-column card for word processing, spreadsheets, and other business applications.

With the Videoterm, you can display your text with a 7 x 9-dot matrix which provides
upper and lower case letters with true descenders. The single-wire shift mod is
also supported. The Videoterm will list both Integer and Applesoft BASIC pro-
grams using ail 80 columns without splitting keywords. The popular ESCape
sequence editing capabilities and a stop-list function using Control-S
are supported. If you install the Videoterm in Slot #3, it will automat-
icaily be used by Pascal and CP/M, since these operating systems
recognize the Videoterm as a standard video display terminal.

This kit contains an OPTIONAL Videoterm firmware and a rede-
signed softswitch for the Apple He. This OPTIONAL firmware is for a
BASIC programmer and includes: NORMAL, INVERSE, HOME, and lower-
case entry of BASIC commands.

The Videoterm has no trouble keeping up with 1200 baud modems during normal printing or scrolling. The Videoterm is
not compatible with cards plugged into the auxiliary slot of the Apple He. For this situation, we recommend the
UltraTerm display card.

The six programs on the Videoterm Utilities Disk will complement the creativity of the 80-column screen. This disk con
tains:

GRAPHICS TEMPLATE — Create a business form in 80 columns
SCROLL UTILITY PROGRAM— Set a window in 80 columns PASCAL DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS
FONT EDITOR— Create new character fonts VIDEXGRAPHICS— Provides MID-RES Graphics in Pascal

READ SCREEN^Read characters from screen locations MID-RES GRAPHICS— Graphics in 80 columns

Spanish

Some programs
(especially those that
use Run-Time Pascal)
write directly to the
40-column text page and
do not use standard
video-switching pro-
tocol. For these pro-
grams, the Switchplate
allows you to easily tog-
gle to the 40-column
video output.

French

The Videoterm comes with ASCII
standard character set. There is a
second socket for an alternate
character set. You may choose
from foreign languages, inverse,
underline, APL language, symbol
(math and Greek), and line drawing
graphic character sets.

The Soft Video Switch knows
whether it should display 40 or 80
columns or Apple graphics. It does
the tedious work of video-switching
so you don’t have to.

Videx

1105 N.E. Circle Blvd.
Corvallis, OR 97330
503-758-0521

Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computers,
inc. Videoterm is a trademark of Videx, Inc.

Circle HelpCard No. 61

What the average personal
computer user doesn’t know
about the International/^ple Core
could fill the next twelve issues
of this magazine.

If you’re like most Apple
users, you don’t realize the many
benefits of an lAC membership.
Or what it can do for you and
your computer.

So what’s an lAC?

International Apple Core™ is
a nonprofit organization of
Apple users and user groups. We
are dedicated to providing
education, information and
support to users of Apple and
Apple-compatible products.

We aren’t just a club of
clubs. You as an individual can
enjoy all the special benefits we
have been providing user groups
since 1979. You will be able to
share information on new
applications. Or learn the latest
on products. Or keep up on
Apple events. And you can
receive specialized training.

If you’d like to join a local
user group we can point you to
one in your area. Or help you
contact other Apple enthusiasts
around the corner or around
the world.

A membership
that pays you.

As a member of lAC you
practically get paid with what
you will save. By joining you will
save nearly $20 on our electronic
spreadsheet, lACcalc™. Not to

mention all the other benefits
only available to you as a
member.

By the way, we’d like to
mention those benefits.

Information, please.

And you will always find us at
the trade shows.

Special-interest and local
user groups are a wealth of
information to resolve your
questions and problems. And we
can help you find them.

lAC provides you with
many ; sources of information.
Your $30 a year membership fee
brings you twelve issues of Apple
Orchdrd magazine. Every page is
devoted to Apple systems
and compatible
products. Lists
of lAC
user
groups,
spon-
sors,

lAC notes
and news,
and reprints
of user
group articles
are at your
finger tips.

With your
membership, you
are eligible to re-
ceive our Disk of
the Month. $30
brings you a sub-
scription to user con-
tributed software. Each
one presents you with
themes like games, education
or a potpourri.

In the past, lAC has given
you seminars and conferences.

Get an education.

You can be assured of many
educational benefits through our
software programs. The
Educational 3 Pah™ is

INTRODUCTORY MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

□ $30.00 U.S., FPO (Sl
APO 1 yr.

□ $36.00 Canada 1 yr.

□ $45.00 Elsewhere surface
lyr.

Airmail

Mexico, Central America, Caribbean Islands,
Philippines and Samoa
South America, Europe and North Africa
Asia, Middle East, South Africa and Australia

□ Are you currently a member of a user group?

□ Would you like a list of user groups in your state?

$48.00

$60.00

$72.00

Name

Address

City

State Zip

□ Payment enclosed (U.S. funds only)

□ VISA □ MasterCard Interbank No. I I I I ~l

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Signature

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SaXIT^ INTERNATIONAL
APPLE CORE

Date

INTRODUCTORY MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

□ $30.00 U.S., FPO (Sc Airmail

$48.00
$60.00
$72.00

□ Are you currently a member of a user group?

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APO 1 yr.

□ $36.00 Canada 1 yr.

□ $45.00 Elsewhere surface
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Mexico, Central America, Caribbean Islands,
Philippines and Samoa
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Asia, Middle East, South Africa and Australia

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IMTERIiATIOriAL
APPLE CORE “

INTRODUCTORY MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

□ $30.00 U.S., FPO (Sc Airmail

APO 1 yr. Mexico, Central America, Caribbean Islands,

□ $36.00 Canada 1 yr. Philippines and Samoa $48.00

□ $45.00 Elsewhere surface South America, Europe and North Africa $60.00

1 yr. Asia, Middle East, South Africa and Australia $72.00

□ Are you currently a member of a user group?

□ Would you like a list of user groups in your state?

Name

Address

City

State Zip

□ Payment enclosed (U.S. funds only)

□ VISA □ MasterCard Interbank No. [

Card No. I I I I I I I I
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Signature

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IMTERriATIOnAL
APPLE CORE ”

Date

What the average I
computer user doee
about the Internationa
could fill the next tw
of this magazi

If you’re like most Apple
users, you don’t realize the many
benefits of an lAC membership.
Or what it can do for you and
your computer.

So what’s an lAC?

If you’d like to join a local
user group we can point you to
one in your area. Or help you
contact other Apple enthusiasts
around the corner or around
the world.

A membership
that pays you.

As a member of lAC you
practically get paid with what
you will save. By joining you will
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the first in an ongoing series of
theme packaged programs. It
contains three disks offering
programs to help you learn
Applesoft and Machine language
with a series of Math Tools.

If you are a beginner to
Applesoft, our Applesoft Tutorial
disk is for you. It offers you
a step by step learning plan
teaching the uses of syntax and
its applications within a

program.

Our Education
disk presents several
programs that are fun
to learn with. And it’s
oriented to the younger set —
ages 4 through 10. Children will
enjoy Apple Array, Fred Fraction,
Apple Barrel, Ad Drills and
more. This disk contains an out-
standing program for the handi-
capped called Voice Print. By
using the cassette input at the
back of your computer the child
can actually generate graphic
voice prints on the screen. An
entertaining teaching tool,
indeed. All of these programs
use addition, subtraction and
fractions. And the drills use full
graphics. It is menu driven and
easy for children to use.

Logo ^Pak^'^ is the second
in our series of theme packaged
programs. Written in the first
computer language dedicated to
education, it’s friendly, powerful
and easy to learn and use. Your
children and you can perform
simple projects in just the first
session with Logo. This 3Pak
contains the Logo Tool Kit,
sample programs and
documentation disks.

Support for your
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Available to lAC members
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For as little as $50 annually
and no deductible, you can
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Our Attach-Bios soft-
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II Pascal application
writers, vendors and
users. If you need
to attach your
own drivers or
need more detailed
information about
the Pascal 1 . 1
Bios, this will
help.

The program is
divided into two sections.

The first explains how you may
use the attached utility. The
second is general information
about the Bios. All documenta-
tion is found on the disk.

CP/M-^SOS Converter is
a ready to run program for your
Apple III. Now you can convert
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The companies we
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Here is a list of the corpora-
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Apple Computer Inc.

Cupertino, CA

Burtronix
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East Side Software Co.

New York, NY

Electronic Arts
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General Microcomputer, Inc.
Michigan City, IN

Hayes Microcomputer
Nor cross, GA

Houston Instrument Division
Austin, TX

Howard D. Sams Co. Inc.
Indianapolis, IN

M(SlR Enterprises
Santa Clara, CA

Multi-Tech Systems, Inc.

New Brighton, MN

Nestar Systems, Inc.

Palo Alto, CA

Nibble-Micro-Sparc, Inc.

Lincoln, MA

Omega Microwave
Chicago, IL

Source Telecomputing
McLean, VA

Sundex Software Corporation
Boulder, CO

Vagabondo Enterprises
Schaumburg, IL

Verbatim Corporation
Sunnyvale, CA

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APPLE CORE ^^

International Apple Core is Licensed by

Apple Computer, Inc. to use certain of the latter’s

trademarks.

Apple, Apple II, Apple III and SOS are registered
trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.

CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research

Circle HelpCard No. 22

WPL - The Sleeping Giant

Part III - More on the Address Book

by Richard hoggins

B efore we get into this month’s article, it’s time to
reinforce something that has been said earlier.
WPL is a language, included with the AppleWriter
word processor. And like any other language, it can’t be
learned by reading three or four articles. You have to boot
AppleWriter, and get in there and work with it. The entire
purpose of this series is to introduce a little of WPL’s power
and capabilities, and to show it can be a useful tool of which
you should take advantage.

As more people become interested in WPL, more informa-
tion and applications will surface; it’s just like the VisiCalc
templates. There is even a rumor floating around that a
detailed, continuing course on WPL may be available soon.

Last time, we completed a portion of The Address Book. As
it was left, an address file could be created, names could be
added, and a letter could be printed without insertions. Now
we’ll add two more WPL programs that will allow a name to
be deleted, and the file to be renumbered.

Since both of these will be accessed from the program
named “WPL2”, they will be named “WPL2.1” and
“ WPL2.2” respectively. It’s important that they be placed on
the same disk as your “WPLl” and “WPL2” programs from
previous articles.

The same format and rules for indentation, etc., that have
been used will remain in effect. One more special notation will
be added, since it can’t be printed. Any symbols enclosed bet-
ween and “]’’ are control characters. These must be
entered by pressing CONTROL- V, followed by the control
character you want, and then CONTROL-V again. For exam-
ple, if you saw [G], it would be entered as CONTROL-V
CONTROL-G CONTROL-V.

WPL PROGRAM: WPL2.1 (Part I)

START NY
PND

PGO MENU
LPl PPR
PSZ- 1
PGO LPl
PRT

TITLE PPR<Backslash>

PPR The Address File - Delete

PPR

PRT

FNAME PSR TITLE
PSZ6
PSR LPl

PIN Name and location of file: = $D
PCS/$D//

PDO .D1/WPL2

PPR

PPR Loading the file

L $D
PRT

MENU PSR FNAME

The first part of the program clears the text editor and
turns off the display. LPl is a subroutine to print blank lines,
and is followed by the subroutine TITLE. TITLE clears the
video monitor (remember to use CONTROL- Backslash),
prints the title, and a two blank lines.

54 Apple Orchard

Next is another subroutine called FNAME. FNAME calls
the subroutine title, and obtains the file name. A comparison
is made to see if just the RETURN key was pressed, and if so
returns to WPL2. Otherwise, the file is loaded into memory.

So far, all of the routines have been subroutines that will
perform specified functions. The next line, labeled MENU, is
the routine that starts everything happening. It calls the sub-
routine FNAME, which in turn calls TITLE.

WPL PROGRAM: WPL2.1 (Part II)

LP2 PSR TITLE
PPR
PPR

PIN Record number to delete: = $C
PCS/$C//

PGO ABORT
PCS/$C/0/

PGO ERROR
PSX $C

At this time, the file to work with has been loaded into
memory. The routine labeled LP2 clears the monitor, and
asks for the number of the record to be deleted. This is placed
in the variable $C, and is tested to see if the entry is valid.

If $C contains nothing, control of the program branches to
ABORT. If $C contains a zero, control branches to ERROR. If
the result of both tests are invalid, the variable X is set to
equal the value contained in $C.

WPL PROGRAM: WPL2.1 (Part III)

FIND PSR TITLE
PSZ6

PPR Searching the file. . . .

PPR
PPR
LP3 B
F/<(X)>/

PGO FOUND
PGO NOTHERE
FOUND PPR

PPR Deleting the record. . . .

PSY (X)

PSY+1

F/<(Y)>/!!!<(Y)>/

F&<(X)>'!!!&&

PLS#! -!-!-=$ A
PSY $A
PSY-1
B

p#_+-«-(Y)-’='

After the record number to delete has been entered, control
passes to the routine labeled FIND. The video display is
cleared, and a message is displayed informing that the file is
being searched.

The routine labeled LP3 is where the actual search is con-
ducted. The cursor is set to the beginning of the file. Next, the
find command is used to see if the record number exists in the
file. If the record is found, control passes to the routine named
FOUND. If not, the program branches to NOTHERE.

When it has been established that the record exists, the
routine FOUND displays the message that the record is being
deleted. The cursor is again set to the beginning of the file,
and the variable Y is set to equal the variable X. Y is then
incremented by one.

Now X contains the record number to -be deleted, and Y
contains the number of the record after X. Using Y, the record
number at the record we wish to delete has three exclamation
marks inserted just in front of the record number. Making the
assumption that X equals 24 and Y equals 25, it appears in the
file as:

!!!<25>

Now that the special marker is in place, we go after the
record to be deleted (in this case, record 24). Again, the cursor
is placed at the beginning of the file. The statement:

F&<(X)>'!!!&&

says to find the portion of the file that begins with {24},
followed by any length of characters (symbolized by ’), fol-
lowed by ! ! ! . We know this exists in memory, as the record has
been found in the routine LP3, and we have just inserted the
three exclamation marks. Once this is found, replace it with
nothing (&&). Thus, the record is deleted.

But that doesn’t finish the job. Once again the cursor is
placed at the beginning of the file. The load string from
memory command is used to place the number of records in
the file into $A, without including the hyphen delimiters.

This value is assigned to the variable Y, which is decremen-
ted by one. Again, the cursor is set to the beginning of the file.
At this time, Y contains the total number of records in the file
after deletion. This number replaces the old quantity at the
beginning of the file, keeping it nice and tidy.

WPL PROGRAM: WPL2.1 (Part IV)

CHECK PSR TITLE
PSZ6

PPR Record number (X) deleted. . . .

PPR

PIN Delete another record ("Y" or "N") : = $A
PCS/$A/Y/

PGO LP2
PCS/$A/y/

PGO LP2 PSR TITLE

PSZ6

PSR LPl

PPR Saving the changes. . . .

S$D

PPR

PPR Returning to Address File menu. . . .

PDO .D1/WPL2

The routine named CHECK informs you that the record
was deleted, and asks if you want to delete another record. If
yes, then control branches back to LP2.

January 1984 55

If no more records are to be deleted, the entire file is saved
to the disk, and the program executes WPL2, the menu of the
address file.

WPL PROGRAM: WPL2.1 (Part V)

NOTHERE PSR TITLE
PSZ6
PSR LPl

PPR Record number (X) was not located. . . .

PPR

PIN [CTRL-G] Press "RETURN". . .

PGOMENU ERROR PSR TITLE
PPR [CTRL-G]

PSZ6
PSR LPl

PPR ERROR: Lowest record number in any file is "1"

PPR

PIN Press "RETURN" to continue. . . .

PGO LP2

ABORT PSR TITLE
PSZ6

PIN Quit the delete record mode ("Y" or "N") : = $A
PCS/$A/Y/

PDO .D1/WPL2
PCS/$A/y/

PDO .D1/WPL2
PGO START

The last three routines in this program are error trapping
routines. The routine named NOTHERE is called if the pro-
gram couldn’t find the record number that was to be deleted.
It simply informs you the record wasn’t located, rings the bell,
and returns to MENU.

Remember the [CTRL-G] must be entered as CONTROL-V
CONTROL-G CONTROL-V. If you simply enter what you
see, it will just print what you see.

The routine named ERROR is used to inform you of the
lowest record number in any file. The routine named ABORT
allows what its name implies — it allows you to abort this pro-
gram and return to WPL2.

After a record has been deleted, it is important to renumber
the file. If the file isn’t sequentially numbered, the program to
automatically insert and print letters will not work. The pro-
gram to renumber the file is quite simple, and is named WPL2.2.
It is selected from the menu of the program named WPL2.

WPL PROGRAM: WPL2.2 (Part I)

START NY
PND

PGO MENU
LPl PPR
PSZ 1
PGO LPl
PRT

TITLE PPR<Backslash>

PPR ***** The Address File - Renumber *****

PPR

PRT

FNAME PSR TITLE
PSZ 6
PSR LPl

PIN Name and location of file: = $D
PCS/$D//

PDO .D1/WPL2

PPR

PPR Loading the file. . . .

L $D
PRT

MENU PSR FNAME
PSR TITLE
PSZ 6
PSR LPl

PPR Ready to renumber file: $D
PSZ 4
PSR LPl

PIN Press "RETURN" to begin
PSR TITLE
PSZ 6
PSR LPl

PPR Renumbering $D

PSX 1
B

The first part of the program uses the same types of routines
you should be familiar with by now. It clears the text editor
memory, the video display, and asks for the file to be renum-
bered. The only items of significance are that it sets the vari-
able X to equal one and it places the cursor at the beginning of
the file. This is accomplished in the last two lines.

WPL PROGRAM: WPL2.2 (Part II)

F&<’>&<(X)>&

PGO INCREM

PGO RESET
INCREM PSX -^1

PGO SEARCH
RESET B

PSX-1

F&-'-&-(X)-&

PPR

PPR Saving file: $D. . . .

S$D

Okay. The variable X has been set to one, and the cursor
has been placed at the beginning of the file. The entire routine
depends on these two items, so if it isn’t correct it won’t
work.

The routine named SEARCH is where the entire file will
actually be renumbered. With the cursor at the beginning of
the file, SEARCH will find the first occurrence of “{” followed
by any length of characters, followed by “}”, which contains
the first record number. The actual number contained be-
tween these symbols, doesn’t matter, as it will be replaced.

56 Apple Orchard

When it is found, it is replaced with the current value of X
(in this case, the value of one), and terminates the search
(caused by the question mark). At this time, the cursor direc-
tion is still pointing forward, and its position is immediately
following the first record number.

Since the search was successful, no error was generated,
and the statement “PGO INCREM” is executed. INCREM
simply increments the value of X and sends control of the pro-
gram back to SEARCH.

The next record number is replaced with the value of X.
INCREM increments X again and branches back to SEARCH.
This loop will continue until the find and replace command
contained in SEARCH cannot find any more left and right
pointing brackets.

As soon as this happens, an error is generated and the
“PCO INCREM” instruction is skipped. This causes the pro-
gram to branch to the routine labeled RESET.

RESET places the cursor at the beginning of the file. It
then decrements the value of X by one. Why? If you will
remember, each time a record number is replaced, X is incre-
mented in preparation for the next record. Since the next
record was not found, if X is decremented by one it will con-
tain the total number of records in the file.

The current value of X replaces the old number of records in
the beginning of the file. The entire file is then saved to disk,
all nice and renumbered.

WPL PROGRAM: WPL2.2 (Part III)

DONE PSR TITLE
PSZ8
PSR LPl

PPR File $D has been renumbered. . . .

PSZ4
PSR LPl

PIN Renumber another file ("Y” or "N”)? = $A
PCS/$A/Y/

PCS/$A/y/

PGO START
PCS/$A/N/

PDO .D1/WPL2
PCS/$A/n/

PD0.D1/WPL2
PGO DONE

After the file has been saved, you have the option to renum-
ber another file. If you choose to do so, back to the start of the
program you go. If not, WPL2 is executed.

If you have been following this series, you now have a series
of WPL programs that will allow you to create and maintain
an address file. The only missing portion is a program to
automatically insert the information contained in your ad-
dress file into a letter or other document and print it. This will
be accomplished by the program named WPL3.

That’s the one we’ll cover next month.

and VisiCa'^

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Circle HelpCard No. 3

January 1984 57

EPS Keyboard

Review by Woody Liswood

Manufactured by:

Executive Peripheral Systems, Inc.

800 San Antonio Road
Palo Alto, CA 94303
(415) 856 - 2822

F or the past few months, I have been using a separate
keyboard for my Apple II. It has changed my entire
pattern and practice of using the Apple. In fact, Pm
not so sure that I will ever be happy with just a standard
keyboard again, even though I used to use a Videx Function
Strip to get some of the functions contained in the EPS
keyboard.

A Description

The EPS unit is about 19 inches across, about nine inches
wide, and slopes from about 3 inches high in the back to about
1.5 inches high in the front. It has a regular typewriter
keyboard, with everything in its proper place. CONTROL,
ESC, and RESET, are located along the left side of the key-
board and all must be pressed together to cause a reset. To
the right of the normal typewriter keyset are two sets of keys.
On the top is a set of six keys. Four are arrows: up, down, left,
and right. In addition, there is an L and an R key. That takes
you a word left or word right as appropriate for your soft-
ware.

Underneath those six keys is another set of six keys, called
edit keys. When configured for WordStar, one of the keys is a
character insert key which toggles the insert mode. Another
is a character delete key which works the same as a CTRL-G.
There is also a line insert and line delete key. The two remain-
ing keys are labeled S and R. The S starts the WordStar Find
function while the R starts the WordStar Find and Replace
function.

Next to the those two sets of six keys is a number pad with
some special characters. In addition to the numbers, there is a
“000”, a “00”, a Skip and a Backspace. There is also a minus, a
comma, and an ENTER key. Just above the number pad is a
plus symbol, a divide symbol, a multiply symbol and a key
labeled PROG.

Review " By Woody Liswood 1988

If that were not all, there is a set of 12 additional function
keys arrayed across the top of the keyboard. Each of those
keys is programmed to have many meanings.

You set up the keyboard by taking the cover off of your
Apple and plugging the EPS keyboard into the same socket
which used to hold your normal keyboard plug. Then, you let
that attachment cable run to the outside of the Apple. The
keyboard itself connects to the computer with a coiled
telephone type line cable. So now I have the Apple sitting
away from me under a shelf and use the EPS keyboard almost
as a single unit computer. It is nice to be able place the
keyboard and the screen where I want them and not to have ..o
worry about the Apple.

EPROM Control

Last, and probably most important, the EPS keyboard
comes with EPROMs preprogrammed to give you control
over the function keys. Each of those modules comes with a
plastic overlay so that you can see what the particular func-
tion of each of the function keys is for that module.

I have worked with four of the modules. As I type this
review, I am using a module which programs the keyboard
with WordStar responses. That’s if I leave the PROG key up.
If I press the PROG key down, the keyboard would be pro-
grammed to have CPM and BASIC commands.

Do not let those 12 keys fool you into thinking that there are
only 12 possible codings you might have. Each key works by
itself to give you one response. Each key then gives you a dif-
ferent response if you press it while holding down the shift
key. Then you can hold down the control key while pressing
the function key. Then you may also hold down the shift and
the control keys to get even more special characters. In fact,
you can get a set of special ASCII characters like a backslash,
a vertical line, a tilde, and a backward apostrophe as well as
some others by using those combinations.

There is also a covered compartment across the top of the
keyboard which will hold up to 10 EPROMs, as well as the
plastic strips which will fit over the function keys.

58 Apple Orchard

EPS also has an instruction set on how to prepare your own
EPROMs so that if you do not particularly like their choice of
functions, you can design your own. The instructions are very
complete, but since I did not have access to a PROM burner, I
did not try to make one up.

I have used and tested extensively four of their EPROMs:
WordStar plus BASIC & CPM; a VisiCalcplus BASIC & DOS;
Apple Writer II plus BASIC & DOS; and a Your Program plus
BASIC & DOS. The “Your program” EPROM just has var-
ious Control characters attached to the function keys so that
you might be able to use them for your own needs. I use that
EPROM when I use SpellBinder, since there is not yet a
SpellBinder Module available.

Documentation

The documentation is short and to the point. It covers how
to install the keyboard, how to use all of the features, and then
goes over each key in detail explaining what feature is found
with each of the possible modes for that key. I found it easy to
use and understand. In fact, I only glanced at the documenta-
tion to find out how to install the keyboard. I was able to
figure most of the other goodies out through use of the plastic
overlays which accompany each of the EPROMS. I then
looked up the functions available with the two six key blocks
and was all set to use the keyboard.

Summary

With all of the potential combinations of characters and
macros available with this keyboard, you will be way ahead of
the game in using effectively and efficiently the complicated
programs for which there are EPROMs available. You may
even find your programming and disk operations somewhat
more satisfying. Rather than type CATALOG every time
you want to see your disk, you just touch a function key and
the word “CATALOG” is printed on your screen; then a
«RETURN» completes the work. That is two keystrokes vs.
eight keystrokes just to catalog your disk.

When I first started using the keyboard, I was not too
impressed. I already knew, by heart, all of (well, most of) the
commands to drive WordStar and VisiCalc, and it took more
time to find them on the function strip than it would have had
I just pressed them as usual. However, after I forced myself to
learn the keyboard, I found that having all of those things as
single keystrokes has made things much easier when I move
from program to program. If you purchase the keyboard
when you start to use those programs, you will not have to go
through a relearning phase.

PROG Switch

When the PROG switch is down, you normally have a set of
BASIC or DOS or CPM commands, depending on what the
major module was designed for. The function keys, then, give
you macros which do much of your typing for you. The EPS
keyboard uses that PROG switch to double the capabilities of
the keyboard for each of the EPROMs. EPS has designed the
modules so that you would get a specially programmed mod-
ule for a specific program (PROG switch up), with DOS and
BASIC commands as the other set (PROG switch down). That
way you do not have to insert a new module each time you
boot the computer or finish working with a specific program.
Works very well.

For example, if you are using DOS, you have commands
like CATALOG, PR#, RENAME, REM, LIST, BRUN,
BLOAD, BSAVE, EXEC, PEEK, POKE, HOME, INITIAL-
IZE and so forth each available with the touch of a single key.
If you do a lot of work, then these could save you many key-
strokes. In fact, the only question about the keyboard would
come from the DOS commands. The same key contains both
the CATALOG and the INITIALIZE command. A regular
press gets you the word CATALOG. A Shift and keypress
gets you the word INITIALIZE. If you are half asleep and go
for the INITIALIZE when you wanted CATALOG, you might
press « RETURN » before you are awake and INIT away the
data on a disk. A remote possibility? Maybe, but a possibility
with devastating consequences.

After three months of use, I have had no failures or prob-
lems of any sort. I picked three months figuring if there would
be a problem it would show up in that period of time, espec-
ially since I use the computer on a daily basis. I would recom-
mend the EPS keyboard to anybody who uses their computer
for business. The extra features, the shift key, the EPROMs,
make the EPS keyboard a necessity. If you were planning on
trading in your II for a / /e, you might check out the features of
this keyboard before you make the switch. This keyboard will
give you everything you will find on the //e, and allow you all
of the extra goodies which come with the function keys.
Unless you have special software which will only run on the //
e, you might be better off to save your money and get a EPS
keyboard. In other words, try it; you will like it.

Travel With Yttur Apple...
Call (800) 847-4176!

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Circle HelpCard No. 18

January 1984 59

Apple Dot Matrix Printer

and

Burtronix Printercard III

Review by Eugene M Paymar

H ave you ever walked through a
large supermarket, seen various
products with the market’s pri-
vate label on them, tried some, and found
that they are often better than the more
familiar “name brands”? Have you ever
wondered where they came from? Many
years ago 1 asked that question of my
father, who was the head buyer for a
supermarket chain. He told me that many
fine small canneries and packers with
quality products exist, but they lack the
financial resources to advertise and gain
market share against large and well en-
trenched competitors. They find it more
profitable to submerge their own identi-
ties and simply private label their pro-
ducts. “What does this have to do with a
computer magazine?', you ask. Patience,
gentle reader, for you are about to learn
that the technology may get higher, but
the tyranny of the marketplace remains,
unchanging and unyielding.

Once upon a time, a little known
Japanese company named Tokyo Elec-
tric Technology came up with a marvel-
ously designed printer mechanism. But,
faced with the prospect of competing in a
mature printer market, they took the path
trod by the canneries before them and
sold out their production to C. Itoh. C. Itoh
in turn not only packaged it under their
own name (8510 Prowriter), but also that
of Digital Equipment Corporation and
last but not least, Apple Computer. Yes,
underneath the package shell, all of the
above printers are mechanically identi-
cal (but not necessarily electronically
identical).

Physical Characteristics
The Apple Dot Matrix Printer (DMP)

60 Apple Orchard

has a handsomely styled case in the
familiar Apple colors. It allows for both
single sheet and tractor feed printing. It
has a rather simple set of controls (see
Figure 1). On the front panel one push-
button selects between on-line and local
modes. The line feed switch, which oper-
ates only in local mode, will advance the
paper one line whenever it is pushed. If
held down, it will advance the paper one
line at a time for four lines and then
continually advance the paper until the
switch is released. For faster advance, the
TOF switch will advance the paper to the
first line of the next sheet This button also
only works in local mode, and it can be
used at power up time to perform a very
limited self test function.

Three indicator lamps tell the operator
respectively that power is on, that the
DMP is in on-line or local mode, and is out
of paper. The power switch is on the left
side of the case, and a lever on the top left
converts from friction to tractor feed.
Finally, the platen knob on the far right
side of the case completes the physical
control features of the DMP.

Figure 2 shows a closeup of the DMP
with the paper and carrier covers removed
to show the interior. Note the print head
which is held in place by two clamps. 1
have swung one out for illustrative pur-
poses. With the other also swung aside,
the head easily lifts out for replacement It
is rated at 100 million characters, but if
and when it goes you can easily replace it
yourself One large store chain quotes a
current replacement cost of $140.

Capabilities

Let’s begin by listing some of the more
significant features of the DMP.

• Logic seeking dot matrix;

• 120 characters per second and 63
lines per minute at 1 0 characters per
inch;

• Selectable friction or sprocket/ pin
feed;

• 7-dot horizontal by 8-dot vertical stan-
dard characters in an 8 by 9 dot field;

• Full ASCII standard character set plus
some foreign language characters;

• 3K character buffer;

• Add up to 1 75 8-dot by 8-dot or 95 8-
dot by 1 6-dot user defined characters;

• Number of characters per inch set-
table to 9, 10 (Pica), 12 (Elite), 15, or
17;

• Two proportional-space modes at 1 60
or 144 dots per inch;

• Set line spacing in increments of
1/144 inch including standard 6 or 8
line per inch formats with both forward
and reverse line feeds;

• Unidirectional or bidirectional printing;

• Boldface;

• Underlining;

• Elongated (headline) print;

• Sophisticated tab controls which allow
programmed formatting of up to five
pages (forms);

• Excellent graphics with 320 dpi hori-
zontally by 1 44 dpi vertically

• Serial or Parallel versions.

One should not make too much of the
“foreign language” feature of the DMP.
Essentially, it allows the user to substitute
a dozen British, German, French, Italian,
Spanish, or Swedish characters for En-
glish ones.

Apple DMP Documentation

Apple was in a rush to get to market

What if . . . 4t pout software gets too soitf

You need software insurcince. Copy II PC

Diskettes are fragile, and when a protected program is
damaged, the results are expensive and inconvenient. If
you have a backup diskette, though, you can have your
Apple, IBM or compatible computer back on line within
minutes . . . affordably That's software insurance.

Copy II Plus

This is the only disk backup program for the IBM PC,
PC/XT and PCjr that copies almost anything. Others
may make similar claims, but in reality, nothing out
performs Copy II PC ... at any price. Copy II PC even
includes a disk speed check and is another "best buy"
at only $39.95.

This is the most widely used backup program for the
Apple. Rated as "one of the best software buys of the
year" by InCider magazine, its simple menu puts nearly
every disk command at your fingertips. The manual,
with more than 70 pages, describes protection
schemes, and our Backup Book^“ lists simple
instructions for backing up over 300 popular programs.
The Backup Book is expanded bimonthly, and is always
available to Copy II Plus owners for only $1.00 (and a
self-addressed, stamped envelope). Best of all. Copy II
Plus is still only $39.95.

Wildcard 2 (formerly The Alaska Card)

Designed by us and produced by Eastside Software,
Wildcard 2 is the easiest-to-use, most reliable card
available. Making backups of your total load software is
as easy as pressing the button, inserting a blank disk
and hitting the return key twice. Wildcard 2 copies
48K, 64K and 128K software, and, unlike other cards,
is always ready to go. No preloading software into the
card or special, preformatted diskettes are required.
Your backups can be run with or without the card in
place and can be transferred to hard disks. $139.95.
complete.

To order, call 503/244-5782, 8:00-5:30 Mon. -Sat., or
send your order to: Central Point Software, 9700 SW
Capitol Hwy, Suite 100, Portland, OR 97219. Please
include $2.00 for shinning and handling.

We are the backup professionals. Instead of diluting
our efforts in creating a wide variety of programs, we
specialize in offering the very best in backup products.
So, protect your software investment, before things get
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C ENTRAL POINT
Software, Inc.

The Backup Professionals

Important Notice; These products are provided for the purpose of enabling you to
make archival copies only. Under the Copyright Law, you, as the owner of a computer
program, are entitled to make a new copy for archival purposes only, and these
products will enable you to do so.

These products are supplied for no other purpose and you are not permitted to
utilize them for any other use, other than that specified.

Circle HelpCard No. 8

Figure 1

Figure 2

with this product As a result, the only
documentation was an installation man-
ual or “Operator’s Guide.’’ It did little
more than tell the owner how to physical-
ly set up the printer and connect it They
do plan on eventually publishing a user’s
manual, and 1 did prevail on them to send
me a preliminary draft copy. While still
crude, it looks like it will become a good
quality document The one exception is
the section on vertical tabbing which 1
found to be totally incomprehensible.
They really need to do some work there
before releasing the manual. By the way,
Apple Marketing informs me that Apple
will furnish early purchasers with copies
of the manual. We hope they will go
automatically to users who sent in their
information and warranty cards. If you
didn’t send in your card, send a request,
along with proof of purchase, to Printers.
Apple Computer, 1 0260 Bandley Drive,
Mail Stop 50, Cupertino, CA 95014.

Burtronix 1/ O Card

Alas for the pocketbook, printers do
not work by simply plugging into the
nearest wall socket and throwing the
on/off switch. One also needs to pur-
chase an interface card and possibly a
connector and/or a cable. Since 1 pur-
chased the parallel version of the DMP, 1
was faced with the additional purchase of
a parallel interface card. Apple sells an
Apple III Universal Parallel Interface
card, but 1 wanted to also have graphics
printing capability.

While wandering through the mob
scene at this spring’ s West Coast Compu-
ter Faire, 1 came across a booth run by a
company that 1 had never heard of called
Burtronix. They had a product called,
Printercard ///, that was doing great
things interfacing between an Apple ///
and an IDS Prism color printer. After they
assured me that their product also sup-
ported the Apple DMP, 1 decided to take a
chance, and 1 gave them a check. To my
pleasant surprise, the card arrived by CJPS
one week later. Also to my pleasant
surprise, it came with a long interface
cable that allows for real flexibility in the
placement of the printer. However, to my
not so pleasant surprise, the printer end
of the cable terminated in an invisible
connector. Well, 1 know that the printer
manufacturers have never standardized
on their connectors, and 1 realize that
Burtronix can’t read all of their customers’
minds, but chasing around to electronics
stores certainly ruined the first sunny
weekend we had enjoyed in California in
months.

62 Apple Orchard

Now that we have purchased the con-
nector, attached it to the cable, hooked it
between the computer and the printer.

and turned everything on, we re ready to
start printing, right? Well . . . actually not
As you Sophisticated Operating System
users may know, SOS gains much of its
power from a shell structure which pro-
vides device independence to your appli-
cation programs. This is principally ac-
complished by the software drivers locat-
ed in the SOS. DRIVER file on your disks.
Burtronics supplies the appropriate print-
er driver software on a disk along with
excellent instructions on how to install it
in the SOS. DRIVER file. Once the driver
has been installed, we are finally ready to
use the printer.

Capabilities

The Printercard /// is a Centronics-
compatible parallel interface and charac-
ter device driver which gives you full text
access to your printer. In addition, it
provides some outstanding graphics
capabilities:

• Black and white dumps of any of the
four Apple /// graphics modes;

• 16-color dumps using IDS Prism
printers with color ribbons;

• Independent horizontal and vertical
magnifications for single, double, or
triple size dumps;

• Picture cropping to show only part of
the screen;

• Two types of double buffer dumps for
larger pictures;

• Rotate image 90 degrees either left or
right;

• Invert black and white for negative
image dumps;

• Dual density images (Epson MX print-
ers only);

• Position the image anywhere on the
page;

• Uses logic seeking for fast dump
execution;

• Abort- dump key for stopping a screen
dump.

The Printercard /// also includes dip-
switch selectable automatic form-feed
and line-feed along with user definable
top- of form title messages and printer
initialization messages. The card also
employs interrupt driven print spooling
with a user-variable timeout loop which
allows modest improvement in through-
put during printout (it is not at all like
having a true bulk memory print spooler)
and allows for individual selection and
configuration of the interface control

lines. The Printercard /// hardware/ soft-
ware combination is fully compatible with
Apple III SOS, Apple Business Basic
PGRAPH utility program, and the CP/M
graphics utility programs. Currently, Bur-
tronix supports the Epson MX and IDS
PRISM printers in addition to the Apple
DMP with more printers promised in the
future.

Printercard /// Documentation

The history of this industry (that sounds
rather pretentious for something that has
only been around for a half dozen years)
shows that new companies can often
generate first class products which are
typically accompanied by little or worse
than little documentation. As we noted
above, that’s true of large companies as
well as small ones. 1 almost gave up on
buying the card when the salesman told
me it was only accompanied by “prelim-
inary documentation.” Sure enough, the
owner’s manual consisted of 90-plus
Xeroxed pages neatly stapled together.
To my astonished delight, the manual
was both comprehensive and compre-
hensible. 1 already mentioned the SOS
driver installation. 1 had never done that
before, but it led me straight through the

1 =^ F* R i_ e: fh ir!r i u u s :e:.. Fi :z:m o o s r r r I r-4nr 3Fir-i r l. r .

no._2294TT__

p I •!: -3- l“i -3. r~- -3. •=: t; <3 ■=-

! "tfiXdr ( >*+ ../O 123456789: ; <= > ? aiABCDEFGH IJKLMNOPQRSTUGWXYZ C \ ] abcde-f gh i jklmno

pqr s t UMw;:<;y z t i

e l i t e c h 3 . n 3. •= t e r- 3-

! " ' ( ) *+ , - ./ 0 1 23456789 ; ; <=>?3ABCDEFGH1JKLMN0PQRSTUVWXYZ [ \3 abcde-tqh i j k 1 mnopqrst u vwxyz { \ Y'

condensed characters

!"lim'()«^--./ 0123456 ? 89 :;<=)? 3 ABCDEF 6 HlJKLm 0 PQRSTLWX'Y 2 [\]^_‘abcdefQhijl(lninopqrstuvwxy 2 (ir

pr opor "tioria.1 cha.ra.c±ens

!"#$%£./()*+, -./Oi234567y9:;< = >?9ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZC\]\_'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy2{ir"

7"^ S cdl 0 "t 3= i r~i cc Fi ■“ Fi 3^ r~- 3«. cz "t e- r~- *==
i “ < )^+ , - ./n 1 23456789 : ; <= > ?3ABCDEFGH I J K LMN 0 P Q R ST UOUIX Y Z C \ 3 abcdef 9

hi i J k 1 m ri o p q r- 1 =. t u iai x >- z C I >

120 dot s/ inch characters

'"ll$V.i£^()*S-./01234,56789:;<=>?a^^BCDEFGHIJKlJt^0PQRSTUmYZ[\]'Jabcdef9hijklmnopqr5tuywxyz{ir

pmopcDn-tiomaLl chaLnaLcizen-s. (144 dots/inch)

!‘'#$%e4X)^^+,-./Oi23456789:;< = >?3.^BCDE:FGHIJKLMNOPO.RSTUVWXYZC\T'_'abcdetghiJklmnopqr5tuvv;xyzCir

Table 1

January 1984 63

task wihout any dead ends. A total com-
puter neophyte might still be better off
letting the dealer perform the total sys-
tem integration, but most people can
handle the task with the aid of the manual.
Burtronix also garnished the package
with a nice demonstration disk They
have also promised to send the final
spiral bound manuals to all the owners.

Summary

1 am really sold on this combination of
products. The print quality is excellent for
printers in this price range. Table 1 shows
the actual factory test results for my
printer. If you have ever seen a hard copy
of Lisa graphics as generated by the
Apple DMP, then you can appreciate the
excellent graphics capability of this print-
er. The Burtronics card only supports the
Apple III graphics capabilities; so don’t
expect Lisa-quality output However, the
Printercard III does an outstanding job
of transferring the Hi- Res screen to paper.
Figure 3 shows a sample Hi- Res printout
of Apple III Business Graphics output
Two horizontal modes are shown; nor-
mal, and 2x vertical magnification. Also
shown is a printout which was rotated 90
degrees.

These images didn’t come easily. The
original software graphics driver had a
small error that badly messed up the
images on the DMP. The Burtronix folks
were wonderfully co-operative and quickly
found the glitch. 1 trust that they will
supply corrected versions to other DMP
users who experience graphics problems.

What about those other Apple DMP
“imitations” by C. Itoh and DEC? (Read-
ers of this magazine will, 1 hope, forgive
my Apple- centered view of the universe.)
As noted earlier, they are mechanically
identical under their high-impact skins,
but they each have unique electronics
driving them. Side-by-side testing was not
possible, but evidence indicates that the
Apple DMP compares favorably with the
C. Itoh version. The Apple PROMs solved
a dot alignment “stitching” problem in
the C. Itoh graphics. Apple allows up to
100 ESC sequences per text line; C. Itoh
allows 6. Finally, while both Units trigger
graphics with ESC-S, Apple can also
trigger graphics with ESC-G.

No reviewer can get through a review
without a gripe or two (it’s in our Gnion
contract). So, let me voice two com
plaints. Apple is no longer a garage shop
operation, and we can hold them to high
standards. They owe their customers
high quality documentation support to
go along with their excellent hardware. In
all fairness, Apple was a leader in estab-
lishing high documentation standards in

the industry, but they let us down this time
by releasing this product without a real
manual. Better late than never, and it is
being supplied.

Also, 1 am less than thrilled with the
automatic form feed feature on the Print-
ercard ///.As implemented, it has a dip-
switch on/ off control on the card. With
the switch on, the printer receives a form
feed instruction after a number of lines
determined by a parameter in the SOS
Driver file. This can lead to paper whizzing
thru the printer if your application pro-
gram also insists on sending form feeds. 1
felt a little like the sorcerer’s apprentice
when 1 first tried to get a hard copy of this
article using Applewriter ///. 1 recom-
mend most users turn off this feature on
the card.

1 want to finish this article by closing the
loop back on the leading paragraph.
Most of you know that Apple has a Z-80
CP/M card available for the Apple ///.
Many of you may also know that this
product was originally developed by Mi-
crosoft (talk about high technology can-
neries!). But, how many of you know that
Microsoft commissioned Burtronix to
actually design that card for them?

Burtronix has sold the card to a larger
label, Rana Systems. What the effect of
that will be is not yet fully known, but the
change should be technically transparent
to Printercard /// owners. Manuals, pack-
aging, etc. may be delayed. Such is life in
Cannery Row. ^

64 Apple Orchard

INTRODUCING
WILDCARD plus;
THE COPTCARD THATS
WORE THAN A COPYCAT.

Manufacturers protect their software.

WILDCARD PLUS protects yours.

You have invested a lot of money in software for your
Apple® Wildcard Plus makes sure that this investment is
protected by making invaluable archival copies.

Rather than copying disks track by track, Wildcard Plus
copies your total load programs right from the computer’s
memory. This creates an accurate and undetectable copy of
the original program.

Now you can back up twice as much in half the time.
Because Wildcard Plus doesn’t stop at 48K or even 64K, but
copies all the way up to 128K on an Apple® lie. And does it
in less than 30 seconds.

n, back ups can be quickly booted with or
Plus and without messy packing or
comphcated parameter settings.

No other card is faster, easier to use, or more powerful.

WILDCARD PLUS
unlocks the potential of your Apple.

Wildcard Plus offers a unique system that combines
ROM and RAM. ROM allows for fast, easy copies
using a simple menu driven system. The RAM
permits utility modules to be loaded onto the card,
extends Wildcard’s function far beyond that of
a mere copycard.

WILDCARD PLUS.

A name that speaks for itself.

Wildcard is the name that stands for uncompromising
quahty. Which is not surprising when you consider that
Wildcard is the runaway leader in the field.

Others compare themselves to the Wildcard, some even
copy us. But other copycards can’t match the Wildcard’s
capabilities and reputation.

When you’re looking for a copycard you can rely on, look
to Wildcard and Wildcard Plus. They are the back up cards
that stack the deck in your favor.

Wildcard Plus is available for $189.95. Wildcard for
$139.95. Order by phone, (212) 355-2860 or complete the
coupon below and send your check, money order. Visa or
Mastercard No. to East Side Software Co., 344 E. 63 Street,
Suite 14-A, New York City 10021. Dealer inquiries welcome.

[please send WILDCARD PLUS(S), $189.95 each. Total 71

I Please send WILDCARD(S), $139.95 each. Total |

I Include $4.00 for shipping and handling. Outside continental U.S. add $10.00 j
I for shipping and handling. New York State residents add applicable sales tax.

□ Check enclosed □ Visa □ Master card

I Card No. Expires

Name on Card
I Name

I Address (UPS delivery)

I City State Zip Phone

I East Side Software Co.

344 E. 63 Street, Suite 14-A
New York, NY 10021

WILDCARD

IKKKmUSj

IMPORTANT NOTICE: The WILDCARD is offered for the purpose of enabling
you to make archival copies only. Under the Copyright Law you, as the owner of a copy
of a computer program, are entitled to make a new copy for archival purposes only and
the WILDCARD will enable you to do so. The WILDCARD is offered for no other
purpose and you are not permitted to utilize it for any other use, other than specified.
Software is not copy protected. System requirements: Apple II, II Plus or Apple He
and DOS 3.3. Franldin Ace also supported.

Wildcard and Wildcard Plus are trademarks of East Side Software Co.

Circle HelpCard No. 15

DEC

PEEL OFF THE COMPUCATIONS
OF DATA BASE ACCESS
FOR JUST $49.95

SIMPLIFIES:

• Payroll

• Inventory Control

• General Ledger

• Mailing Lists

• Accounts Payable

• Accounts Receivable

• Sorting

• Random Access Of Variable Length Records

Flexibase lets you build and access data base files in a language that you
already know. You can use Flexibase with Applesoft, Integer Basic,

Fortran, Pascal, or whatever language you use on your Apple. Flexibase is
a card that you plug into a peripheral slot on your apple. It’ll let you write
application programs you never dreamed possible before. Or, you can
select one of our application programs that use Flexibase. Each comes on
a separate 3 % inch floppy disc and sells for just $42.50 each. Elexibase
must be installed before using our application programs.

WHAT IS A DATA BASE?

A Data Base is a special organization of your Data files using "Keys.” You can read your files either sequentially or
randomly. For example if your file key was by name, reading your file sequentially would produce records
alphabetically by name (regardless of the order you wrote the records in). Or you could read the file randomly to
find a specific name without searching the whole file. Examples of keys: Social Security number, name, (payroll)
bar code, stock number, ( inventory) name, company, zip, ( mailing) purchase order or account ( accounts receivable
and payable). The file can be read by either of two keys. Variable length records eliminate extra spaces used to
make the records all the same length.

• Sorts by two keys

• Duplicate keys allowed

• Copy with standard utility

• Read sequentially

• One or more disc drives

• No new language to learn

• Read randomly

• Mix Apple and Flexibase files on

the same disc

To receive your Flexibase
and any application
Programs you would like,
fill out this' coupon and
Mail To:

JOHNSON PRODUCTS

P.O. Box 555
Draper, Ut 84020

Utah Residents add 3 %
Sales Tax

Name

Street

Apt. No.

City

State

Zip

If you would like to
Charge to your Visa or
Mastercard please fill
Out the following:

□ Visa □ Mastercard

No.

Expire date

Please send the following:

ITEM NO

Flexibase

Payroll

Inventory

Gen Ledger

Mail List

Acct Rec.

Acct. Pay.

Shipping and handling

COST TOTAL

49.95

TOTAL

Make all checks payable to: Johnson Products.

Flexibase and all application programs come complete with instruction manual.
Flexibase runs on Apple II, Apple II Plus, and Apple II E.

Circle HelpCard No. 26

S.A.M. - Talk Is Cheap

by Neil Upson and Gary Upson

T here was a time when personal computers couldn’t
talk. This all changed when speech synthesizers
became available to the public. There are many
speech synthesizers on the market, but all of them require
additional hardware for them to work. All of them, that is,
except for a product recently released by Don’t Ask Software
(yes, that’s their name). This software package, called
S.A.M. - The Software Automatic Mouth, produces qual-
ity speech for the Apple without hardware.

The addition of speech to your microcomputer can have
limitless uses. For example, where certain individuals cannot
look up at a CRT, such as a physician in surgery, or blind
individuals, SAM is excellent. The fact that it can speak text
files allows for many interesting uses. You can now have your
computer speak a word processing file, and you can check for
various mistakes or composure in this manner. In addition,
you can have the computer speak to you while driving a car.
You can have your programs instruct its users vocally or
teach a child who cannot read.

It is possible, of course, to call your computer by phone, and
without the use of a modem, have the computer give you infor-
mation. It would take some interfacing into the phone circuit-
ry, but this is done every day. You could, of course, have some
kind of security system. Use your imagination, and let us
know how you’re using the hardware and program.

SAM, as I will refer to it throughout the rest of this article,
comes complete with a disk containing SAM, an English to
speech conversion program, a testing program, and demo
programs. SAM also includes a D/A (digital to analog) con-
verter board. This is a simple card which takes SAM’s speech
and converts it to a clear, pleasant sound which is then output
to an external speaker, which the purchaser must provide.
The card can be placed in any slot. A simple four inch speaker
works very well with SAM. You can also use the external
speaker to replace the smaller speaker inside your compu-
ter.

SAM allows you to make your computer talk in two dif-
ferent ways. One way is to enter the words you want SAM to
say phonetically. This method is the most efficient and pro-
duces more accurate speech. You can also have SAM stress
certain syllables with this method to better express the true
meanings of your sentences. The other method is to enter the
words in plain English and have SAM convert them to speech.
This method is less accurate and occasionally mispronounces
words. The “voice” has a slight foreign accent, but I’m not
sure what country.

The two main programs which are included are SAM and
the Reciter. SAM is the program which actually makes the
computer talk. The Reciter, on the other hand, allows the
computer to translate English to speech. I must add that the
Reciter is one of the most accurate speech translators I have
seen. This can come in handy when the computer is reading
something which it does not know of ahead of time (i.e. read-
ing a text file aloud).

It is also very easy to add speech to your own programs.
Once SAM is loaded into your computer, all you need to do is
define what you want to say in a simple string, and then
invoke SAM by calling a particular address. Both methods of
speech entry are capable of use from BASIC and machine
language.

Another feature which distinguishes SAM from other
speech synthesizers is the control the user has of SAM’s
voice. The user can not only control the pitch and speed with
which the computer speaks, but also the size of its mouth and
throat. This allows the user to make SAM sound like almost
anything imaginable (even E.T.)!

Control of these variables is very easy. Simple POKE and
CALL statements allow the user to change each of the four
voice- altering options. Several examples of this feature are
provided for the user to explore.

68 Apple Orchard

SAM is a machine language program which takes up 9K of
memory. A recently added feature allows SAM to be loaded
into a language card, if desired. The additional Reciter pro-
gram takes up about 6K. This program, however, can not fit
on the language card and is placed much higher in memory so
that it will not interfere with Hi-Res Page two (this problem
can occur if the language card version is not used).

The one limitation put on the user is that SAM can only
operate on a computer with the D/A card installed. This
means that you are basically limited to use of SAM on your
own computer.

SAM comes with a well written instruction manual which
teaches the user how to use SAM and all the accompanying
software. Complete memory maps and important memory
addresses are provided for the more advanced programmers.
Also, a dictionary of about 1500 words spelled phonetically is
provided to help the user become acquainted with phonetic
spelling. This is not very difficult, and with a little practice
can become second nature.

Overall, SAM is a fine product at a very affordable price
and is an enhancement to any computer user's library. You
won’t be able to stop talking about it.

The unit can be purchased from:

Don’t Ask Computer Software
2265 Westwood Blvd.

Suite B-150

Los Angeles, CA 90064

Price: $124.95 •

Circle HelpCard No. 33

Circle HelpCard No. 40

January 1984 69

Motherhood, Voodoo and
the Gray Market

by Steve Goldman

B ecause I bought an Apple II Plus personal computer, I
will never again have blind faith in motherhood or apple
pie - only in the flag.

Several months ago, I purchased an Apple II Plus through
the “gray market” — the Wall Street Journal’s description of
mail order stores that secretly buy overstocked merchandise
from authorized dealers. With a Ph.D. in electrical engineering,
more than 28 years of amateur radio activity, and teenage job
experience in the radio/T.V. repair business, I risked a gray
market purchase because I believed I wouldn’t need the “hand
holding” that local Apple dealers provide their retail customers.

When my Apple, disk drives, and printer arrived, I glanced at
them, at the stack of manuals, and at my unheld hand. How
much easier it would have been to drive to the local store, study
the display computers, ask the questions that my purchase
entitled me to ask, rush home, and, like a good chimp,
mindlessly connect mine the way my local dealer connected
his. But with no local dealer sharing the ecstasy of my recent
purchase, I did not qualify for such convenience. Instead, for
several days, in my spare time, I waded through the instruction
manuals, heeded all the warnings, and only then dared
connect the Apple, disk drives, printer, and interface cards
together and apply power. Somehow, they all seemed to work.

After several weeks of operation, I began to believe that “Life
begins at64K.” Instead of being content with my Apple’s 48 K, I
began to fret over the 16K it didn’t have. I felt impotent at not
being able to try all the programs that require 64 K of memory.

At the next meeting of the local Apple users group, I bought a
low cost ($70) language card sold from an itinerant sales
representative’s lunch bag. I rushed home from the meeting,
anxious to plug in the 16K of extra memory and penetrate the
universe of 64 K programs.

I plugged in the language card, booted my System Master
diskette to load the Integer BASIC required for some of these

64K programs, and then played with several of them.

The next day, my son complained that a special program he
had painstakingly written and debugged had vanished from his
primary and backup diskettes. Every time he tried to fetch it, the
Apple beeped and the monitor displayed “I/O ERROR.”

After verifying his complaint, I discovered that my word
processor could no longer write to disk to store records of my
keyboard flailings. Convinced that a product named after
“apple pie” must be blameless, 1 accused my recently purchas-
ed 16K language card, turned off my Apple’s power, pulled out
its plug, and removed the language card. My suspicions were
verified: once again my Apple could write to disk.

1 returned that 16K language card for a refund.

Several weeks later, I purchased another bargain language
card ($64) at a computer show; this time, I couldn’t even boot
my System Master diskette. Each time I tried, my Apple beeped
and the monitor displayed “I/O ERROR.”

The next day, I called its makers and asked to exchange the
card. They agreed, sent me a replacement, and tested the card I
returned, which they later claimed worked perfectly. However,
the card they sent me didn’t work perfectly. It mimicked its
predecessor, beeping and displaying “I/O ERROR” when I
tried to load my System Master diskette.

A friend who had recently purchased an Apple II Plus with an
Apple Language Card from an authorized Apple dealer let me
try my card in his Apple. It worked. Then I tried his Apple
Language Card in my Apple. It also worked.

1 didn’t need a Ph.D. in engineering to know that witchcraft
still lived. It was obvious that the authorized Apple dealers were
practicing “micro- voodoo” on “gray market” Apples that
dared mate with non-Apple language cards. Somehow my
unauthorized Apple was genetically defective, unable to use
memory that authorized Apples used with ease.

70 Apple Orchard

/// SOFTWARE PACKAGES
///PACK “THREE PACK” $89.95

Combines all three III programs described below. You will save so so many
keystrokes, we shudder to think what you will be able to do with all the time
you save! The work you do will be more productive too, with this new TRIPLE
POWERED PROGRAMMING PACKAGE!

/// EDIT “THREE-EDIT” $39.95

BASIC program development utility provides a framework for your pro-
grams, and has improved built in editing, testing and debugging features you
can delete from the final program! Gives work a standardized and methodical
organization, without restricting creative process! Built in routines save re-
inventing the wheel.

/// NUMBER - “THREE NUMBER” - $39.95

BASIC program renumbering utility has uncommon features; Delete remarks
(optional)! Xreference variables & line numbers! See/print old & new dated
listings side by side! Be very selective in renumbering! Reasonably fast, and
you get to watch! Instead of crashing in illegal situations, prompts user for
needed corrections! Great!

SCAT /// “SCAT-THREE” $39.95

Disk File management tool doubles as excellent HELLO program for
BOOT disks. Saves keystrokes and creates MASTER CATALOG of ALL
DISKS (to 999 files)! Sorted, dated reports show more information, and
can be printed or saved with 2 keypresses! Provision for user en-
hancement and future SOS changes! No more DISK SWITCHED and
BAD PATH errors! Supports Hard Disk and 1-4 Drives. Use it
every day!

Get FREE literature or order via VISA/MC TOLL FREE from:

EXPANDING SPACE SOFTWARE
800 547-5006

Send check or dealer inquiries to

4639 SE 34th. Portland OR 97202

Circle HelpCard No. 16

Set Up Your DOT MATRIX PRINTER
With a Touch of a KEY!

PCP

d BOLD PRINT
[IXOMPRESSED PRINT
[F VARIABLE LINES
m ELONGATED PRINT
0^ AND MUCH MORE!

No longer do you have to enter long “set
up strings" to take advantage of your
POT MATRIX PRINTER’S capabilities.

Just select from the MENU. ..let your
computer do the rest! Comes complete
with PROGRAM DISKETTE and an
OPERATING MANUAL. Easy to use.

VERSIONS:

Apple II -I-, Apple //e and Apple III

with

APPLE DOT MATRIX
EPSON RX, MX^AND FX SERIES
C.ITOH PROWRITER l&ll
& NEC DOT MATRIX PRINTERS

Please Specify Computer and Printer

a “professional" software package from:

PBO/PAC ™

14925- A Memorial Drive, Dept A
Houston, Texas 77079
(713)496-1179

• Requires Graftrax Plus" For Full Features

PRINTER

CONTROL

PROGRAM

See Your Dealer or Write or Call Us!

NOW ONLY
$29.95

plus $2.00 shipping and handling USA
VISA and MasterCard Credit Cards

PRO/PAC" is a Irademarit of PRO/PAC. INC

PCP'“ IS a trademark o( PRO PAC .INC

APPLE* IS a registered trademark ol Apple Computer. Inc

Circle HelpCard No. 43

Buy your computer from APPLE™ But!!!

Buy your Disk Drives from

MICRO-DESIGN

Micro-Design Apple Compatible Drives are
factory tested, warranted for 120 days (30 more
than Apple) and are shipped in Apple Beige
cases with cables ready to plug in and run.

Full Size SA390
Shugart Mechanism
Just 22595

Disk Drive Controller 59^5

16K RAM Card 49^5

SO Column Card 195^5

Half-Height
Slimlines
Alps, Teac &
Panasonic
from 249*5

MICRO-DESIGN

6301 Manchaca Rd., Ste. B
Austin, Tx. 78745

Information & orders
CALL TOLL FREE
(512) 441-7890 (Texas Residents)

1-800-531-5002

Circle HelpCard No. 31

January 1984 71

Since an Apple Language Card worked in my Apple, the
problem couldn’t be in my Apple. And since my language card
worked in my friend’s Apple, the problem wasn’t in my $64
card The problem must be in their mating.

Obviously, my friend’s authorized Apple must be a smoothie
that could coax any bargain priced card to perform, while my
unauthorized Apple was a clod, which could only coax
cooperation from a high priced ($200) Apple Language Card.

Next, before 1 returned my $64 language card, my local
authorized Apple dealer held a sale on Microsoft Language
Cards. 1 bought one, only to discover that my Apple was not
intimidated by brand names other than “Apple”: it again
replied “I/O ERROR” when 1 tried to load my System Master
Diskette.

Finally, 1 began to doubt even apple pie. Certainly, Microsoft
design and quality control practices were every bit as demand-
ing as Apple’s.

Perhaps the defect Luas in my Apple.

Perhaps 1 had unfairly accused the makers of every language
card that had seemed to fail me.

Perhaps my Apple was a racist, refusing to cooperate with all
language cards of different make, creed, or color.

Perhaps compatibility required more than mateable plugs
and sockets with the required voltages and signals. (It does
between men and women.)

Whatever the cause, 1 was sure my Apple was guilty. 1 took
my Apple Computer and Microsoft Card to the local authorized
dealer and told him my story. He advised me to leave

★ ★★ oMeui and ^mpAoi/ed ★★★

TEKALIKE

The Graphics Terminal Program

SURFACE PLOT

Now your favorite spread sheet machine can display
mainframe graphics!

TEKALIKE is a program for your Apple Computer that
allows it to operate as a terminal to a host computer.
TEKALIKE lets your computer ‘simulate’ a
Tektronix 4010 graphics terminal for both graphic input
and output.

Now your Apple can take advantage of software that was
written to operate with the Tektronix 40 IX family of
terminals.

TEKALIKE also allows hard copy plots to be drawn from
your ‘local copy’ of Tektronix output, completely off-line from
the host computer system!

TEKALIKE requires an Apple 7/e or 48K 11+ personal
computer, one disk drive, and a modem for connection to a
host computer. TEKALIKE is supplied with an intuitive
users manual.

Price $200 Plus $12 tax (CA)
Manual Only $25
MasterCard and VISA Accepted
To Order Call (916) 893-1162
Dealer Inquiries Welcome

WE Software
800 Greenwich Drive
Chico, CA 95926

Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer Inc.
Tektronix is a trademark of Tektronix Inc.

everything to him, which 1 did. (How nice it felt having
somebody hold my hand.)

Two days later, the dealer had fixed my Apple by replacing its
mother board. What iconoclasm! Not only had my Apple been
defective, but its defect had been in the mother board. Not only
apple pie, but motherhood too had become casualties of my
venture into the gray market

After trying several programs with success, 1 discovered that
my word processor program wouldn’t print 1 replaced the
Microsoft Card with the $64 bargain card. My word processor
printed, and all my other programs seemed to work too. So 1
returned the Microsoft Card and kept the $64 bargain card in
my Apple.

At last, my Apple and its new mother board work flawlessly.
However, having been disappointed by my Apple and its
original mother board, 1 will be somewhat suspicious forever
after. Until then, to preserve flawless performance, 1 will care for
and feed my Apple and its new mother board the finest bug-
free, dust-free software, until somebody designs and sells a
new personal computer with no mother board, no “apple”
parts (i.e., apple skins, pits, blemishes, sauce, worms, etc.) and
gives it the only name that can inspire even more trust than
“apple pie” or “motherhood” — “The Flag.” m

'' . . .and this time, try not to drop it!”

72 Apple Orchard Circle HelpCard No. 62

AVAILABLE

Ap ple Orchard
Back Issues

All available back issues - $3.00ea
If orders include 5 or more issues - $2.50ea

The following Apple Orchard issues are out
of print and are no longer available:

Vol. 1 No. 2, Vol. 1 No. 3, Vol. 1 No.4
Vol. 2 No. 3
Vol. 3 No. 2

•California residents add 6^% sales tax for all software. (No tax required
on back issues.)

•Any orders to be shipped outside of the U.S., Canada, or Mexico must include
additional shipping costs of $3.00 per order.

• Allow 2-3 weeks for delivery.

Apple Orchard
P.O. Box 6502
Cupertino, CA 95015

January 1984 73

CUT TAXES • CONTROL EXPENSES • SAVE ON ACCOUNTING

CHECKBOOK FINANCIAL SYSTEM

For Apple® II, II -i- , lie, III emulation, and Apple look-alikes - 48K DOS 3.3

1323 SOLD
ONLY 13 RETURNED!

We were astounded! When we offered Money
Street with a money back guarantee, we figured
about 10% would be returned. That's normal.

But our returns run less than one percent! What's
more, customers write enthusiastic letters dally
about Money Street. For example:

• Glen Rodkin, president of Oklahoma City Apple
Users Group: "Tremendous! It's fast, reliable and
covers all the contingencies a checkbook
program should."

• Chris Bayha, Portland, OR: "I use it for my rental
properties and for my business. It performs
beautifully and is a great value."

• Dan Thomas, Elgin, IL: "The program has proved
the hype of the Money Street as really too
modest. How many programs are there that you
can't think of one thing you would do differ-
ently?"

One reason for this enthusiasm is that Money Street
lets customers do their own books. Keeping records
has always been a bother, and an expensive one,
especially for small one-person business or the
independent professional. But Money Street solves
the problem. Here's what Weston Cotten of
Highlands, Texas says:

"I am an attorney with several business interests I
run out of my office. I use nothing more complex
than my checkbook to keep my financial records in
shape for tax time. Your program has helped me to
be a better record keeper and has allowed me to
look forward to tax time with a better outlook."

$99 For a checkbook program? Money
Street isn't cheap, in fact it's one of the more costly
checkbook programs. But with software, as with
everything else, you get what you pay for:

• Money Street is fast! Example: 9 seconds from
boot to data entry. Example: 5 seconds from the
main menu to any sub-section. Example: 18
seconds start-up-to print time.

• Money Street Is easy to use! There are no
complex set-ups; no monthly cut off. Gary
Rominger of Sacramento, CA wrote: "Your
claim of 30 minutes to learn it is fully justified."

• Money Street saves Income taxes! It tracks
deductions, credits, and income. Michael Salesin
of West Bloomfield, Ml wrote: "When next
year's tax season rolls around my accountant will
send love and kisses."

Saves money eight ways:

1 . Finds tax deductions and credits.

2. Saves CPA write-up fees.

3. Allows "before year-end" tax planning.

4. Saves accounting time; provides input for
journals, ledgers, and reports. The program also
doubles as a mini-accounts receivable, inventory
keeper, and job cost system.

5. Saves interest expense by keeping exact
balances.

6. Saves NSF charges.

7. Saves credit card interest charges.

8. Changes your financial attitudes; puts you in
control.

Who €ian use it? Anyone using a checkbook:
Lawyers, investors, doctors, general partners,
professionals, small business, mini-corporations. It's
ideal for people with multiple sources of income,
trustee accounts, pension and profit sharing plans,
and owners of real estate.

Take farmers, for example: they can treat each crop
or herd as a separate profit center. Stan Vasa of
Lincoln, NE, says: "I use Money Street to keep my
farm records and find the program to be excellent."

Why not get the best? Sure, you can buy a

cheap program just as you can buy a cheap clock.
But is it really worth It?

Many customers report that "home accounting"
programs are difficult to learn, clumsy to use, and
obsessed with budgeting; that only Money Street
gives the speed, the ease of use, and the many
reports needed.

Bill Sampler, Fairfax Station, VA puts it this way:
"One way I judge a program's worth is how easy it
is to use after you have been away from It for a
couple of weeks. Money Street is no problem, it
runs like a fine jeweled watch."

So, Money Street pleases customers just as a
Porsche pleases drivers. Top quality costs more;
that's a fact of life. But isn't quality always worth it?

One of our customers. Buzz Bruggerman of
Orlando, FL said: "We use Money Street in our law
office. We figure it's not the cost of the program
that's important, but how much time it takes to set
it up, learn it, and run it. Money Street's a breeze."

How it works. On your computer screen, you
create a facsimile of your checkbook. You see 17
items per screen, and can scroll for more. As the
computer balances your checking account, you give
each check or deposit its own category code.

1 - - - - ENTER ITEMS/BALANCE CHECKBOOK

1 # MO/DA PAYEE

CODE

AMOUNT

101 01/01 WM JONES

300.00

102 01/01 ANY WATER CO.

-50.00

1 103 01/01 ANY POWER CO.

25 00

104 01/01 ANY GAS CO.

50.00

105 01/12 SHELL OIL CO.

100 00

106 01/13 STATE FARM INS.

- 100.00

107 01/13 GIANT TIRE CO.

200 00

108 02/01 WM. JONES

300 00

109 02/01 ANY POWER CO'.

50.00

110 02/01 ANY WATER CO.

50.00

Ill 02/12 SHELL OIL CO.

50.00

D 02/12 W. SMITH

1000.00

D 02/25 J. DOE

1000 00

DEBIT 02/27 PURCHASE CHECKS

25.00 !

112 02/28 STATE FARM INS

50.00

1 1>2 02/28 STATE FARM INS

100.00

113 02/28 JONES COMPANY

1000 00 1

ENTRY #0018 BALANCE

1550.00 1

[code 01: -600.00 RENT PAYMENTS

PROGRAM FEATURES

• 100 user-defined accounts • On screen chart of accounts •
Account sub totals, grand totals • Handles unlimited checking
accounts • Three minute year-end rollover • Credit card accounting

• Full editing, even after entry • Check search and scan screen •
Help screen • Wildcard searches

PROGRAM UMITS

• 2400 checks per data disk • 200 uncleared items • Scan speed: 6
per second • Amount limit: $999,999.99 • 100 account categories

DOES MANY JOBS

• Rnds tax deductions • Single entry accounting • Job costing •
Budgets and estimates • Mini accounts receivable • Mini inventory

• Tracks personal loans • Real estate rentals • Stock purchases/
sales • Increases “float"

CHECKING ACCOUNT MANAGER

• Prints trial reconciliation • Balances checkbook and statement

• Creates cancelled check file • Prints detailed audit trail • In-
cludes check register • Prints checkbook "history" • Captures
monthly income • Easy to use

15 Ready-to>print reports! Press four keys
and the program will print any of 15 different
reports. Just select from the Report Menu, and the
program does the rest. Start-up to print time is
usually 20 seconds. Reports include:

• Monthly code totals • To-date code totals • Sort by amount

• Ust code dictionary • Sort by payee • List deposits • List
uncleared checks • List uncleared deposits • List all entries

• Sort by date cleared • Print check registry • Print selected
month • Print selected code • List code totals • List monthly totals

Money Street.. It's totally new.

If you own real estate. Money Street tracks rents,
tallies repair costs, and helps establish "cost basis"
for capital gain tax treatment. It's also ideal for trust
accounting, retail stores, and home budgeting.

Money back no matter what. Why not

give us a try? If you aren't delighted, we'll give you a
full refund on any mail order purchase from us.

Includes tutorial, map, and reports.

Money Street includes Program Map, complete
documentation, on-screen demo, plus tutorial. For
Apple® II, II + , lie. III emulation, and Apple look-
alikes. Requires 3.3 DOS, 48K. Money Street works
with one drive, but two are preferred. It's also okay
without a printer, but you'll miss a few reports.
Master Charge, Visa, COD okay. Add $2.50 on all
orders for postage and packing . To order or get
additional information: call 24 hours and leave your
name with our answering machine.

The program is copy protected. We sell back-up
disks for $10. We also offer a special utility disk that
makes two back-up copies, makes quick copies of
data disks, and allows fast sorts of selected months
or code categories. Price is $25.

Computer Tax Service
P.O. Box 7915
Incline Village, NV 89450
(702) 832-1001

Money Street is a Trade Mark of Bullseye Software.
Apple is a registered trade mark of Apple
Computers, Inc.

Dealer: Write or call for price list.

The

New

Stuff

New Products For The Apple

Edited by
Mark L. Crosby

Producers of products for Apple Com-
puters should send news releases two
months in advance:

NEW PRODUCTS EDITOR

Apple Orchard

908 George St.

Santa Clara, CA 95050

The lAC cannot be held responsible for
claims made by manufacturers.

Contents
HARDWARE
Disk Storage
Input/Output
Interface Cards
Memory

Printers/Plotters
Miscellaneous
SOFTWARE
Business (General)
Communications
Educational
Financial

Games/Simulations

Graphics

Languages (Programming)

Music

Personal

Utilities

Word Processing
BOOKS/CATALOGS
MISCELLANEOUS

The most comprehensive listing and des-
cription of new temptations, delicacies, and
necessities for your Apple. Notice too that
we 've made it even easier for you to find out
more about these items; just circle the cor-
responding number on the Apple Orchard
Direct Help Card a bit farther ahead in this
issue. We^ll forward the requests directly to
the manufacturer.

HARDWARE

Disk Storage

New Comrex diskettes are available in
three popular capacities, providing users
the flexibility of choosing the exact stor-
age density and surfaces they need. Pac-
kaged 10 to a box. Model CR-10005 is a
diskette that records on a single disk sur-
face and single density for $29.95. Model
CR-10010 offers single-sided, double-
density recording for $44.95. Model CR-
10015 features double-sided, double-
density recording for $49.95. These stan-
dard diskettes have a 5-year guarantee. A
premium diskette. Model CR-10020 fea-
tures double-sided, double- density record-
ing and a lifetime guarantee $59.95 in-
cludes a plastic box. All are configured
with a soft- sectored format, a single index
hole, 48- track per inch density and 40
tracks for each recording surface. At your
local dealer.

Circle HelpCard No. 101
Comrex International, Inc.

3701 Skypark Drive
Torrance, CA 90505
(213) 373-0280

Apple add-on half-height drives pro-
vide a big 160K bytes of dual density
storage running either DOS 3.2 or 3.3. Con-
temporary slim line styling, cooling lou-
vers, auto eject of diskette for operator
convenience, a unique quick-release con-
troller cable, and a fast 12 milliseconds
head access time. 8000 hours MTBF (mean
time between failure) is one of the highest
reliability factors in the industry. The first
drive comes with software, controller card,
cable and a complete instruction manual.
The second drive, priced lower than the
first, comes with cable and instruction
manual.

Circle HelpCard No. 102

WTI Computer & Peripheral Products

1530 South Sinclair

Anaheim, CA 92806

(714) 978-9820

January 1984 75

Input/Output

The Micromodem //e allows your com-
puter to communicate with any Bell- 104
type modem over ordinary telephone lines
at 110 or 300 bits per second. It installs
easily in an expansion slot, and requires no
outside power source. Connects directly to
either a single or multiline modular phone
jack, to perform both Touch-Tone and
pulse dialing. It dials, answers and discon-
nects calls automatically, and operates in
full or half duplex. A built-in speaker lets
you monitor your calls when dialing.
Smartcom I companion software provides
effortless communications. It will guide
you through a few easy steps to answer
questions to tailor the program to your
particular needs. Menu selections let you
easily make a call, end a call, or answer a
call. Answers automatically - even if
you’re not there. Stores three of your most
frequently called telephone numbers and
one prefix.

Circle HelpCard No. 103

Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc.

5923 Peachtree Industrial Blvd.

Norcross, GA 30092
(404) 449-8791

The Color-I Monitor is designed to per-
form superbly with your Apple II personal
computer and others. It accepts a com-
posite video signal to produce vivid, richly
colored graphic and sharp text displays.
Very reasonably priced, the Color-I is a
giant step above home TV sets and other
monitors. Features 260(h) x 300(v) line
resolution. Highly styled cabinet, built-in
speaker and audio amplifier, front mount-
ed controls for easy adjustment, interface
cable included.

Circle HelpCard No. 104
Amdek Corporation
2201 Lively Blvd.

Elk Grove Village, IL 60007

(312) 364-1180; (714) 662-3949 (CA); (817)

498-2334 (TX)

The new ShuffleBuffer from Interactive
Structures features random access print-
ing. It can perform mix and merge printout
operations previously available only by
using expensive software, or scissors and
paste. The universal device is compatible
with all microcomputers having a stan-
dard serial or parallel output port. Shuf-
fleBuffer has the capability to ‘‘shuffle”
text, graphics, spreadsheet information
and other computer- generated material
into any desired combination for printing,
plotting or telephone transmission. Appli-
cations include mailing lists, letter merg-
ings, preparation of personalized form
letters and other repeated or rearranged
material. Two modes of operation are
available: standard “dumb buffer” func-
tion of first in, first out printing, and
bypass, to interrupt a long printout in

order to produce a separate document on
an immediate basis. ShuffleBuffer is an
enhanced version of Interactive Struc-
tures’ Pipeline. Featuring front panel con-
trols to permit stacking, it is slim enough
to fit beneath a disk drive unit. It comes
with its own cables, power source, user’s
manual and one year warranty.

Circle HelpCard No. 105
Interactive Structures, Inc.

146 Montgomery Avenue
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
(215) 667-1713

Interface Cards

Apple II Ethernet interface allows in-
formation to be transferred between an
Apple II and other devices on a Local Area
Network. This is useful for applications
with several computers in one facility.
Using this interface, the LAN allows sep-
aration in excess of 4,000 feet with only a
single interconnecting coax. The design of
the interface is compatible with the Ether-
net specification for Levels I and II. This
allows connecting computers and using
existing software and changing or adding
only the driver for this interface. For those
users that do not have software, a file
transfer program can be supplied. Meets
IEEE 802.3 Specification for Local Area
Networks. Features 8 Kb of RAM Data
Buffer, 4 Kb of dual ported RAM in Apple
address space. Requires only one Apple
card slot. Data is transferred at a full 10
megabits per second using the latest
Ethernet LSI integrated circuits. Other
Ethernet products include a printer inter-
face, transceiver, cabling and connectors.
Circle HelpCard No. 106
En-Link
4706 Bond
Shawnee, KS 66203
(913) 268-6066

Paragraph-I parallel graphic printer in-
terface card will work in any Apple II and
look alike computers. It will enable the
user to perform the most needed graphic
functions of 90 degree image rotation, dou-
ble size and inverse print. The card is Cen-
tronics compatible for fast data transfer to
printers, x-y plotters, d/ a converters and
paper tape punches. Firmware for Epson,
Gemini, Panasonic, C. Itoh, NEC and
Apple dot matrix printers is currently

available, with others available soon. The
firmware is compatible with Apple Logo,
Pascal, and BASIC under Applesoft and
CP/M. Complete with a 36 inch cable.
User’s Manual and one year warranty
$139.00. Also features Apple Silentype
emulation mode and variable line widths
which can be set from 40 to 255 columns.
Circle HelpCard No. 107
Techport, Inc.

8120 Penn Avenue South, Suite 114
Minneapolis, MN 55431
(612) 888-5793

Memory

The Know-Drive is the smartest 128K
memory card for the Apple II and //e.
Completely compatible with 128K slot in-
dependent cards from Saturn Systems,
Legend Industries, Prometheus, Omega
Micro Ware, etc., using multi bank switch-
ing modes. Write protect hards witch on
the card allows you the same flexibility as
the write protect tab on a diskette. Know-
DOS software enables use of the card as a
disk drive simulator. Source code has been
included on disk for all machine language
drivers so that you may have full use of the
card, or in case you wish to modify the
drivers for any particular applications
specific to you. A piggy-back option will
allow the existing card to be changed into
a 512K single slot memory card (this op-
tion is not yet economically feasible since
new 256K RAMS are very expensive).
PI ay- Back remote option offers reset vec-
tor RAM/ROM plus via NMI: interrupt-
ing, analyzing/modifying, and saving all
memory to disk $39.00. The price of the
Know-Drive is $335.00.

Circle HelpCard No. 108
ABACUS Enterprises
P. 0. Box 1836
Detroit, MI 48231
(313) 524-2444

Neptune extended 80 -column card

gives you increased video display and up
to 192K memory using just one slot in your
Apple // e. Designed expressly for the aux-
iliary slot of the //e, the Neptune is avail-
able with 64K, 128K or 192K of RAM
memory which can be utilized as a solid
state RAM disk. VC-Expand/80 software
supplied with each Neptune expands
VisiCalc up to 220K of workspace memory
and provides many other VisiCalc enhance-
ments. DOS, Pascal and CP/M Pseudo-
Disk patches and a DOS relocation pro-

76 Apple Orchard

WHERE
TO SELL
SOFTWARE

1984

DDAf^D AiMICCI)C

r KUyiKAmiVitH &

MARKET

Inside information on
500 mioocomputar software pubiiidiers
who use freelance material—

• whatthey need

• how to sell to them

• how much they pay °

Everyone who buys or uses a personal
computer— no matter what make or model
—is a potential customer for this brand
new directory of over 500 listings of
software and arcade game publishers,
and computer magazines buying freelance
software. Each listing gives the contact
name/address, submission require-
ments, pay rates, and tips for breaking
into the freelance software market.

Programmer’s Market also includes five
helpful articles on selling programs—
how to:

• prepare a query letter and proposal
package for submission

• write user manuals to accompany
software

• document programs

• write easy-to-use software

• write game programs that M

Three indexes help freelance programmers
find the best prospects for selling their
software— by type of computer, type of
software published, and alphabetical
order.

Order today from: Writer’s Digest Books,
9933 Alliance Road, Cincinnati, Ohio
45242 by calling 1-800-543-4644 (In
Ohio, Alaska, Hawaii call 513-984-0717).

. Circle HeIpCard No. 6

1312

gram are also included with each card.
Circle HelpCard No. 109
Titan Technologies, Inc. (formerly Saturn
Systems)

P. 0. Box 8050
Ann Arbor, MI 48107
(313) 973-8422

The Flashcard disk emulator brings the
speed of solid state memory to Apple com-
puters for faster program execution. The
combination of the Flashcard plug-in
board from Synetix, Inc. and MagiCalc
software will typically speed up process-
ing time by 1000% over using a standard
Apple floppy with an average spreadsheet
program. The Flashcard solid state disk
displays data instantly, eliminating the
nuisance of floppy disk waiting as well as
the noisy chatter of disk search. Includes
operating diskettes for DOS, CP/M and
Pascal for compatibility with programs
such as WordStar, dBase II and other pop-
ular brands. For CP/M programs, the
Flashcard can be configured to emulate a
256K 8-inch floppy disk. Plugs into any
Apple expansion slot; the user simply
copies a program diskette on the Flash-
card which, in turn, reacts as a disk drive,
only faster, quieter, and more reliable $349
(147K capacity) $529 (294K capacity).
Circle HelpCard No. 110
Synetix Inc.

15050 N.E. 95th

Redmond, WA 98052

(800) 426-7412 (206) 881-7110 (WA)

Printers/Plotters

Finger Print immediately upgrades print-
ers by easing access to print functions
such as compressed, italic or emphasized.
Available for the Epson MX-80/100, FX-
80/100 and RX-80 printers. It is a plug-in
module that puts numerous print modes at
user’s fingertips. Users can instantly se-
lect from a variety of print functions by

simply tapping the printer’s panel but-
tons. The increased capabilities do not
interfere with normal printer operations.
No longer will you need to send special
control codes to the printer. Functions in-
clude: Compressed, Double- wide. Empha-
sized, Double- strike, Perforations Skip-
over, Left Margin Indent, 8 lines/inch,
Italics, Fine Print, and Buffer Clear. Fin-
ger Print even allows hundreds of com-
binations of these and additional func-
tions. Installs easily without soldering.
Complete with operating instructions,
control panel reference label and warran-
ted for one full year $59.95.

Circle HelpCard No. Ill
Dresselhaus Computer Products
837 E. Alosta Avenue
Glendora, CA 91740
(213) 914-5831

The new Epson RX-80 printer offers 128
different typestyles with a resolution so
sharp you have to look twice to make sure
it’s dot matrix. You get bidirectional print-
ing, logic seeking, and a speed of 100
characters per second. And you even get
programmable forms control, graphics,
and a special quiet mode to keep the
noise down.

Circle HelpCard No. 112
Epson America, Inc.

3415 Kashiwa Street

Torrance, CA 90505

(800) 421-5426; (213) 539-9140 (CA)

The Strobe 260 is the first eight-pen
plotter and software package available
for under $1000. With just a few key-
strokes on your computer, the system pro-
duces superb high-resolution charts,
drawings and transparencies with up to
eight automated color breaks. The even
more economical Model 200 produces the
same wide range of graphics with a single
pen which may be changed manually. The
new plotters interface with virtually every
popular microcomputer made today, includ-
ing the Apple II, //e and III. The Strobe-
Ware software programs provide every
graphic format you will probably ever
need, including multicolor pie charts, bar
graphs, line graphs, text processing, and a
broad selection of symbols and character
styles.

Circle HelpCard No. 113
Strobe, Inc.

897 5-A Independence Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94043
(415) 969-5130

Nothing makes more sense out of repeti-
tious data than seeing it portrayed graph-
ically. Presentations that use pie charts,
solid areas and bar graphs sum up data
succinctly, to make an impression that can
give you an important edge. For that kind
of persuasiveness, PIXY 3 microplotter
has high resolution graphics that are
drawn in increments of 0.1mm. It’s faster

at 200 mm per second and plots with three
pens automatically. There’s also a variety
of powerful graphics packages available,
all of which produce sophisticated results
with ease including BPS, GrafTalk, Graph-
writer, and uGraf. With PIXY’s versatile
intelligence, you can do even more to
create the exact graphic you need to pre-
sent your point with impact.

Circle HelpCard No. m

Mannesmann Tally

(800) 447-4700; (800) 322-4400 (IL)

(417) 661-9783 (Canada)

The Model 84 eight pen plotter pro-
duces high-resolution presentation qual-
ity charts, graphs, and drawings on paper
or on overhead transparency film. It plots
on either 81/2x11 inch or A4 paper. The
plotter functions with a liquid ink, nylon
tip, or ceramicron- tipped pen, according to
the demands of the applications. A special
business graphics ROM enables the user
to plot bar, circular, or line graphs from
simple commands. The unit has a plot
speed of up to 17.7 inches per second.
Resolution is .004 inch. Built-in firmware
commands include five line styles, select-
able character rotations, special symbols,
six different character sets, viewporting/
windowing, scaling, and circle/ arc genera-
tion. The plotter can be used with most
micros, minis, and mainframes because it
has three interchangeable interfaces: RS-
232C, IEEE 488, and Centronics parallel
$1995.

Circle HelpCard No. 115
California Computer Products, Inc.

2411 West La Palma
Anaheim, CA 92803
(714) 821-2011

The Jettri ink-jet printer is priced like a
matrix printer. If you’re tired of all the
noise that’s coming out of today’s printers,
you’ll love the quiet of Jett-i. It’s an
amazingly quiet, versatile, compact and
inexpensive ink-jet printer. You can print
in normal, compressed, double- height,
double- width and boldface type. You can
do graphics, pie charts or almost any job
you can imagine at up to 110 characters a
second with a IK character buffer.

Circle HelpCard No. 116
Docutel/Olivetti Information Services
1909 E. Cornell Street
Peoria, IL 61614

(800) 447-4700; (800) 447-0890 (AK, HI)

Spirit microprinter lets you do more
things yourself. And do each of them letter
perfect. It prints standard, bold, expanded
and condensed type faces - even italics and
finely etched graphics. All because every
impression has a crisp, square edge to it
for unmistakable clarity. The Quietpak
option smothers printer noise. So Spirit
rushes through work with barely a whis-
per. Variable width tractors adjust for
narrow jobs like labels or wider jobs like
correspondence. All of which are handed

78 Apple Orchard

to you immediately thanks to Spirit’s
Quick Tear edge $399.

Circle HelpCard No. 117

Mannesmann Tally

(800) 447-4700; (800) 322-4400 (IL)

(417) 661-9783 (Canada)

The Panasonic intelligent plotter is a

high-speed peripheral that turns business
computer graphics into high resolution,
full color hard copy. It provides six-color
graphics at a fast 16 inches per second,
with a choice of fiber, ball point or plastic
tip pens in black, red, purple, blue, green
and brown. What’s more, it has a high level
of built-in intelligence that greatly sim-
plifies external programming. With sim-
ple commands, you create lines, circles and
a full ASCII character set, colorful grids,
bar graphs and pie sections. Features an
electrostatic paper holding system for se-
cure, high stability plotting. Also has an
automatic chart advance option for con-
tinuous, un-attended plotting. Three inter-
faces are available: Centronics 8-bit
parallel, RS-232C serial and GP-IB.
Circle HelpCard No. 118
Panasonic Industrial Company
Information Systems group
One Panasonic Way
Secaucus, NJ 07094
(201) 348-5337; (312) 981-4824 (IL)

Miscellaneous

Today’s home can now receive centralized
computer control for up to 256 electrical
devices through the unique design of the
HC-1 Home Commander. It receives
simple ASCII instructions through an RS-
232 interface, then sends compatible con-
trol signals throughout the entire home
over the AC house wiring to BSR modules
connected to the thermostat, appliances,
lighting, etc. It can also be told to send con-
trol signals at specific times, in addition to
allowing immediate control from the ter-
minal or personal computer. Once pro-
grammed, its internal RAM and real-time
clock make stand-alone operation pos-
sible, leaving your computer free for other
functions. It will reliably control every
electrical device - even after a power
failure - with the security of battery back-
up. You can select when devices should go
on and off, control the brightness of any
light, have your heat turn off after you’ve
left for work, and yet come home to a
toasty warm house in the evening. The
possibilities are unlimited. Program con-
trol examples and complete instructions
are included in the package $195.00.
Circle HelpCard No. 119
Automatic Micro, Inc.

2542 Billingsley Road
Worthington, OH 43085
(614) 766-0670

Cool + Time is a multi-function cooling,
power- control, surge protection and clock/
timer unit for use on the Apple II and //e.
The unit removes heated air from inside
the Apple and exhausts it to the rear,
rather than across the user’s work space.
The system is designed to extend life ex-
pectancy of Apple computers, which can
suffer from heat-load effects due to air-
flow blockage when accessory cards have
been installed. Cool + Time slides easily
onto the Apple (and adapts to the Apple
Stand), and blends in design and color.
The unit features separately switched rear
power outlets controlled by two lighted
front-panel switches. This provides con-
venient control of the Apple and monitor,
as well as a printer. The unit also protects
the entire system with transient power
spike suppression circuitry. The real-time
and elapsed-time clock/timer accurately
displays real time as well as allowing easy
tracking of time spent on data bases. The
unit carries a one- year warranty $89.95.
Circle HelpCard No. 120
Tencal, Inc.

9525 De Soto Avenue
Chatsworth, CA 91311
(213) 998-4850

Portable, solid state uninterruptible
power system ensures that computer
operations are not affected by utility gaps,
spikes, surges, noise, brownouts or com-
plete outages. Back-up or portable operat-
ing time ranges from 5 hours at 25 watts to
1 hour at 100 watts. The self-contained,
sealed gel-cell batteries have a life expec-
tancy of 3-4 years and are user replace-
able. Input power is switch selectable for
either 115 or 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz for world-
wide application. Battery energy is mon-
itored continuously by a seven- state LED
indicator. The internal charging system is
automatically controlled and regulated. A
12 VDC power cord is included, permitting
mobile operation from automotive power
or from an auxiliary pack to extend op-
erating time. Has a carrying handle and
fits inside of an attache case $495.00.
Circle HelpCard No. 121
BITS Power Systems, Inc.

11020 Audelia Road, Suite B114

Dallas, TX 75243

(214) 340-1208 (TX); (800) 527-1378

MicroSetter, a hardware interface and
accompanying software, enables you to
use your Apple II as a typesetting ma-
chine. You can enter text for typesetting
by using almost any word-processing pro-
gram or MicroSetter. You type English
codes into the text to generate typesetting
from word processing. By recording text
on disk first, you can create proof copies on
line printers, perform spelling checks and
make corrections easily. MicroSetter al-
lows you to see and control line endings
and aindentations before text is sent to the
typesetting machine. It can also perform
automatic indentation. You can reformat
text to a different line length with a single
keystroke. The interface, including the
MicroSetter software costs $695.

Circle HelpCard No. 20U
TeleTypesetting Company
224 Nickels Arcade
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
(313) 761-7664

Three and one-half times faster execution
speeds on virtually all programs for the
Apple II and II Plus computers can now be
achieved using the new Accelerator II
subsystem from Titan Technologies (for-
merly Saturn Systems). The unique card,
based on a fast 6502 processor with 64K of
high speed memory, allows the user to
speed up programs like VisiCalc, DB Mas-
ter, Pie Writer, Home Accountant, Mul-
tiplan, Screen Writer II, Apple Writer,
Word Handler, even games like Frogger,
Zork and Wizardry. The dramatic and
authentic 3 1/2 times speed increase im-
proves efficiency and productivity and re-
duces the frustration of long delays and
wait times in both business and home
applications. The Apple II main board
handles only the video display while the
Accelerator II duplicates the 48K of the
Apple and adds a built-in, fast language
card. Thus, virtually all Apple II computer
software can have the benefit of greater
speed. When desired, the Accelerator II
will function at normal Apple II or II Plus
speeds $599.00.

Circle HelpCard No. 122
Titan Technologies, Inc.

310 W. Ann Street
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
(313) 662-8542

Employing a re-inking principle, this new
ribbon cartridge is compatible with all
members of the Anadex dot-matrix printer
product line. The 1/2 inch wide, 30 yard
long nylon ribbon is contained in a
Moebius loop within the cartridge. An
inked, sponge rubber roller transfers the
ink to a hard plastic roller that, in turn,
contacts the ribbon to supply additional
ink as the ribbon is used. This dual trans-
fer process ensures that the proper

January 1984 79

THE

C-O-M-P-U-T-E-R-I-Z-E-D
flashcard method of learning ^4^

• FACTS • KNOWLEDGE • ANSWERS
I that you want to learn —

^ can be entered then brought back to help
you learn , remember & associate

^ an ingenious HINT feature helps you recall &
associate by giving only selected parts of a
fact or answer whenever you ask for it

f cards can be used in reverse order, back side
shown first , (excellant for english^#- foreign
language learning)

^ cards can be sorted, changed, erased, added,
stored & more

^ you select either self or computer scoring

^ missed cards can be selected out for rerun
as often as you decide

will run on Apple n-h with 48k or Apple lie

send $26.95 (postage included) for disc &
manual to TELEMETRICS p.o. box 606
Arab, Al. 35016

^-Alabama residents add$1.75 sales tax-^

Circle HelpCard No. 55

amount of ink is added to the ribbon. The
ribbon within the cartridge is moved by a
gear mechanism that is operated from the
printhead motor. Print quality obtained
with the new re-inking ribbon cartridge is
comparable to that of the older cartridge
version. $18 each in quantities of six.
Circle HelpCard No. 123
Anadex, Inc.

9825 De Soto Avenue
Chatsworth, CA 91311
(213) 998-8010

Two printers can be run from the same
computer with Renaissance Technolqgy’s
Le Switch. Available in both parallel and
serial versions, Le Switch enables initial
word-processing and editing to be done on
a high-speed dot matrix printer, and then
switched over to a letter-quality printer
for the final document - all done with one
easy hookup. Le Switch I (for parallel print-
ers) consists of a female Centronics con-
nector for input, and a male Centronics
connector at each end of its two ribbon

cables for output. Le Switch II (for serial
printers) features three female DB-25 con-
nectors compatible with a wide number of
RS-232C computers and printers. A mo-
dem can also be installed on one of its
serial ports. Le Switch retails for $155, Le
Switch II for $125.

Circle HelpCard No. I 2 J 4 -
Renaissance Technology Corporation
1045 Detroit Avenue
Concord, CA 94518
(415) 676-5757

Calling Four is a game-port expander
that eliminates the need for you to remove
the cover on your Apple II computer every
time you switch controllers. You can plug
up to four devices - for instance a trackball,
a joystick, a paddle and a mouse -into the
Calling Four unit at one time. Plugs into
any one of the Apple’s expansion slots.
You select an individual controller by en-
tering a simple set of keystrokes or a
software code. The peripheral features an
LED display that indicates which of the
four ports is in use $69.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 125
Discwasher

1407 North Providence Road
P.O. Box 6021
Columbia, MO 65205

The Wire Tree AC surge protector has
four outlets and provides power surge pro-
tection that conforms to IEEE guidelines.
It comes with a bracket to mount under-
neath your desk or table and has a unique
cable support feature which organizes
your system’s power cards into a neat bun-
dle and moves them out of your way. Lets
you control system power from a single
illuminated on/off switch.

Circle HelpCard No. 126
Networx

Brooklyn, NY 11237
(212) 821-7555

PC Saver protects your computer two
ways. It filters current from the wall outlet
by removing radio frequency interference
(RFI), surges, spikes and transients be-
fore they get to your computer. It also will
stop “feedback” noise from peripherals
such as printers, etc. An “L” type filter
attenuates common and transverse mode
noise. Surges and spikes are clipped to a
safe 133 volt RMS/189 volt DC level. Fits
all Apple computers and others. $39.95 at
your local dealer.

Circle HelpCard No. 127
Kensington Microware Ltd.

919 3rd Avenue
New York, NY 10022
(212) 486-7707

SOFTWARE

Business (General)

Print Master is a complete printing disk
for Apple users. It prints business (or per-
sonal) checks, mailing lists, mailing labels
and addresses envelopes, all from file
data. It has powerful sorting features like
the more expensive programs but is very
easy to use. Gives professional looking re-
sults everytime. Check printing includes
payee’s name and address for use with
window envelopes. Will print checks up to
$10,000.00 with all information on check
stubs. Uses standard stub-type checks
(sold at all banks) and prints standard pin-
feed labels (sold at most office supply
houses). The program, which is completely
menu driven, will create name and address
files, change files, re-arrange files, flip
through entries, delete entries, etc. Up to
450 names can be in the memory at once for

$100

ATTENTION
APPLE HE USERS

RETAIL

WITH

REBATE

64K

$249

$149

128K

$399

$299

192K

$499

$399

REBATE

$100^

CALL OR WRITE

EXPRESS
ElECTRDI^jCS^

^210W.8^hsT

COLUMBIA, TN
38401

615-388-3676

$100

WHEN YOU BUY A NEPTUNE EXTENDED 80 COLUMN
CARD AND TRADE IN YOUR OLD APPLE 80
COLUMN BOARD

$1001

80 Apple Orchard

Circle HelpCard No. 17

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Superchargers for Basic, DOS, Printing, and More.

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Signature

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Address

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Circle HelpCard No. 36

instant recall. N o limit on how many files it
will handle $29.95. Requires 48K and an 80
column printer.

Circle HelpCard No. 128
Soft- Byte

P. 0. Box 5701 Forest Park
Dayton, OH 45405

Microbase, a new database program for
the Apple //e and /// computers is written
in Word Processing Language (WPL). It is
designed to enhance the capabilities of
Apple Writer, the popular word process-
ing package produced by Apple Computer
Inc. Microbase operates inside of Apple
Writer, and allows the user to create blank
forms, standard documents, and datafiles.
All files are standard text files which can
be accessed by Apple Writer as well as
external programs written in BASIC and
Pascal. The information contained in the
data files can be automatically integrated
with either the blank form or document
files for printing. Maximum file size is lim-
ited by the amount of memoty available
through Apple Writer, typically 64K. The
number of records per file is also governed
by the amount of available memory. Re-
quires an 80 Column card and ProDOS
$39.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 129
Phantom Software
P. 0. Box 39 -
Sugar Run, PA 18846
(717) 746-1919

The new dBASE II version 2.4 update
features an on-disk tutorial. Divided into
ten well-paced lessons, the tutorial ac-
quaints users with the principles and
theory of general database management
while providing users with valuable
hands-on experience. The tutorial’s inter-
active format encourages users to pro-
gress at their own speed as it guides them
from beginning exercises through advanced
programming techniques. The new ver-
sion also contains several user-convenient
enhancements aimed at increasing the
system’s extensive automatic information
management capabilities. One of these
features is a HELP command that im-
plements an on-line reference to dBASE II
command syntax and usage. Also includes
a new diagnostic error trace-back feature
that allows users to debug their own pro-
gramming efforts.

Circle HelpCard No. 130

Ashton-Tate

10150 W. Jefferson Blvd.

Culver City, CA 90230
(213) 204-5570

Friday! ’s circular software construction
is designed to facilitate the learning ex-
perience of a new computer user as well as
accommodate the speed and performance
required by the experienced user. Within
minutes, the product’s menu-driven for-
mat allows first-time users to enter and
use information. This easy-to-use approach
is well documented on screen and in the

companion manual. Retrieving large quan-
tities of information is possible in seconds
and sorting files oh up to five different
items at the same time is easily accom-
plished. Whether a user prints quick re-
ports or prepares specialized professional
documents, Friday! is designed to execute
tasks quickly. In addition, the program
automatically performs calculations on
entered data and reports. It also contains a
mail management utility which automa-
tically creates label specifications and
creates form letters. Compatible with
dBASE II files, Lotus 1-2-3 and Word-
Star.

Circle HelpCard No. 131

Ashton-Tate

10150 W. Jefferson Blvd.

Culver City, CA 90230
(213) 204-5570

Amphel’s Simple Tenant Billing Sys-
tem is a menu driven billing system spe-
cifically designed for use by rental pro-
perty owners and managers. The system
can handle up to 500 accounts per diskette
for apartments^ mini- warehousing, offices
buildings or warehouses. A complete in-
struction manual and screen prompts
allow for a quick and easy understanding
of the system and its operation on the
Apple II or //e with either one or two disk
drives and a printer. Rent for each unit is
manually entered only once for each
tenant and carried forward until changed.
If the payment posting option is used any
balance due at month end is automatically
placed in this category. Manual input is
optional. Late charges can be computer
calculated either by percentage of past
due, flat charge or manually input. Utility
fee is computer calculated according to the
square footage of each apartment and
common area if applicable. Miscellaneous
unusual charges are manually input. Pay-
ment, at your option, can be posted on
account as received. A two line message is
also available for printing 140 characters
of information on each bill printed. Bills
can be printed on blank paper or preprint-
ed continuous forms for a professional
look. Designed to be used with #10 win-
dow envelopes to eliminate mailing labels
and additional addressing. Hard copy of
complete tenant file for permanent record
or quick reference is standard $99.95.
Circle HelpCard No. 132
Amphel Industries, Inc.

2888 Bluff Street, Suite 353
Boulder, CO 80301
(303) 440-0411

Magic Memory is a directory data base
system that can be operated by the first
time computer user. Magic Memory’s
screen resembles an address book, with
tabs designating lettered entries (“A”,
“B”, etc.). This allows names, addresses
and phone numbers to be stored, deleted
and transferred in an instant. Magic

Memory provides 24 additional tables that
can be designated in any mannner that the
individual chooses. Suggested headings
include: anniversaries, birthdays, dead-
lines and customer lists. Each tab can
store up to 255 entries. It also has the
ability to print out a complete address
book. Magic Memory is the ultimate or-
ganizer $99.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 133
ARTSCI, Inc.

5547 Satsuma Avenue
North Hollywood, CA 91601

(213) 985-5763

With SALVO, unlock the total potential of
your personal computer. Easy to use, easy
to learn. Create applications in 1/10 the
time compared to COBOL or BASIC. Re-
duce dBase II type work by 50% or more.
This is a new natural fourth generation
language that rivals sophisticated main-
frame packages at a fraction of the cost.
Report generator provides a flexible meth-
od of extracting data. Powerful language
command set eclipses any third genera-
tion language. True relational DBMS links
up to 16 files at once. Query Facility gives
natural communications capability.

Circle HelpCard No. 13k
Software Automation Inc.

14333 Proton Road
Dallas, TX 75234

(214) 392-2802

Communications

Upgraded versions of Transend com-
munications software provide intelli-
gent terminal communications, verified
file transfer, and electronic mail. The up-
graded version includes new features that
further enable both novice and sophis-
ticated users to take full advantage of the
program’s capabilities. New features in-
clude: Auto-Configuration - by simply
entering your particular terminal and per-
ipheral options, Transend will configure
itself automatically. Automatic log-on
capability logs the user onto the selected
computed or information service automa-
tically during each successive use. It can
be programmed to dial up to eight dif-
ferent systems automatically or be linked
to 22 keyboard macro functions. These
functions provide, with a single keystroke,
transmission of up to 836 characters of
information. The user can enter a se-
quence of menu selections from anywhere
within the Transend program and page
ahead automatically through the menu
screens to any other place within the pro-
gram. Transend 1 $89.00, Transend 2
$149.00, Transend 3 $275.00.

Circle HelpCard No. 135
Transend Corporation
2190 Paragon Drive
San Jose, Ca 95131
(408) 946-7400

82 Apple Orchard

FANTASTIC

PRINTER

SALE

• 15 Day Free Trial - 180 Day Immediate Replacement Warranty

80 COLUMN THERMAL PRINTER — 60 CPS

Bi-directional, dot matrix, prints i'/i” letter size paper, full 80 columns, high
resolution graphics, dot bit addressable, special symbols and true decenders!
(Centronics parallel interface)

80 COLUMN TRACTOR-FRICTION PRINTER — 80 CPS

Bi-directional, dot matrix, impact, prints single sheets, continuous feed paper,
adjustable columns, 40 to 132 characters! Roll paper adapter $32.95. (Serial or
Centronics parallel interface)

PREMIUM QUALITY 10" CARRIAGE T/F PRINTER — 120 CPS

Bi-directional, impact, 9x9 dot matrix with double strike for 18 x 18 dot matrix.

High resolution bit image (120 x 144 dot matrix) underlining back spacing, left and
right margin settings, true lower decenders, with super and sub scripts. Prints
standard, italic, block graphics, special characters, plus 24 of user definable
characters and much morel! Prints single sheets, continuous feed and roll paper!
(Centronics parallel interface)

PREMIUM QUALITY 15V2" CARRIAGE PRINTER — 120 CPS

Has all the features of the Premium Quality 10" Carriage T/F Printer above plus a
15V2" carriage and more powerful electronic components to handle large business
forms! (Centronics parallel interface)

HIGH SPEED PREMIUM QUALITY T/F
10" PRINTER — 160 CPS

Save printing time with these plus features: 160 CPS speed, 100% duty cycle, 8K
buffer diverse character fonts special symbols and true decenders, vertical and
horizontal tabs. This is Red Hot Efficiency!!! (Serial or Centronics parallel interface)

HIGH SPEED PREMIUM QUALITY
T/F 15V2" PRINTER - 160 CPS

Has all the features of the 10" Carriage high speed printer plus a 15V2" carriage and
more powerful electronics to handle larger business forms! (Serial or Centronics
parallel interface)

PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACES: (IN STOCK)

• For VIC-20 and COMMODORE 64 $49.00

• For all APPLE OOMPUTERS $69.00

• For ATARI 400 and 800 COMPUTERS $79.00

NOTE: Other printer interfaces are available at computer stores!

LIST SALE

$199 $149

$399 $209

$499 $289

$599 $379

$699 $499

$799 $599

WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT
CANADA.

Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order or Personal Check. Allow
14 days for delivery. 2 to 7 days for phone orders, 1 day express
mail! Canada orders must be in U.S. dollars. We accept Visa
and MasterCard. We ship C O D.

Circle HelpCard No. 47

ENTERPRIZES iWt LOVfc OUR CUSTOMEHSI

BOX 550, BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010
Phone 312/382-5244 to order

^DOUBLES DISKETTE
STORAGE SPACE!!

REDUCE YOUR DISKETTE
COSTS BY 50%

*The back of
your 5 V 4 " single
sided diskette
has recording
medium. Ail you
need is an
ACCURATELY
placed '‘write
enable notch”
to use it, on many systems.

is a precision
engineered tool designed for
this purpose.

ITS A MONEY SAVER!
IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT!

ONLY

$14.95

Add $1 .50 Postage/Handling
($4.50 Foreign)

— Florida Residents Add 5% Sales Tax —

ORDER TODAY*

SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO:

mmi^ swrar

Division of Cortran International
4211 N.W. 75th Terrace, Dept. 101
Lauderhill, Florida 33319

Circle HelpCard No. 11

BACK-UP

ALMOST

ANYTHING!

Products below, when used appropriately,
either singly or together, will enable you to
copy virtually all software for the relevant
computer. The copy-products are intend-
ed to be used for back-up purposes only!
Products are Apple-compatible unless
otherwise indicated.

Locksmith

Crack-Shot

129

Back-lt-Up

Snap-Shot

Call

Nibbles-Away

Wild-Card ME

115

Watson

Inspector

Copy II +

Copy in- (IBM

PC) 35

CONNECTICUT INFORMATION
SYSTEMS

218 Huntington Road
Bridgeport, CT 06608
203-579-0472

TO ORDER: Use phone or mail. VISA, MC, Checks &
bank wires accepted. Add 4% for ship-
ping, or $4, whichever is more. Conn,
residents add 7.5% sales tax.

Not responsible for typographical errors. Prices subject to change
without notice.

Educational

The new Intelligent Tutor series is

available for high school math subjects. It
is designed to help students improve their
comprehension and build confidence in all
areas of high school math. The series is
comprised of five titles: Algebra I, Geo-
metry, Algebra II, Trigonometry and
Advanced Topics, and SAT Math. Each
package in the series will help students
identify their areas of strengths and weak-
ness, and will allow students to practice a
wide variety of problems from all topics
covered in the specific math subject. In the
Diagnostic mode, each package presents
the student with a test covering a range of
subject areas. The program shows the
student’s performance and major areas of
strength and weakness. In the Practice
mode, the student can select and practice
particular categories of math problems.
The SAT Math package sells for $69.95,
and the other four packages in the series
sell for $49.95. If all five packages in the
series are purchased, the retail price is
$199.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 136
Intelligent Software, Inc.

9609 Cypress
Munster, IN 46321
(219) 923-6166

Early Games Matchmaker is designed
as a reading-readiness program for pre-
schoolers. It playfully guides children
through a series of six discrimination/
matching games involving colors, shapes,
sizes, lines and directions, facial expres-
sions, and reversible letters. Youngsters
make gross discrimination at the begin-
ning of each game and are challenged with
finer discriminations as the game pro-
gresses. Musical sounds combine with
colorful graphics to help children under-
stand why their responses are right or
wrong. The games play easily and even
two-year olds do not require adult supervi-
sion. Children develop computer exper-
tise, have fun playing the matching games,
and lay the groundwork for learning to
read - all at the same time $29.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 137
Counterpoint Software, Inc.

4005 West Sixty- Fifth Street

Minneapolis, MN 55435

(612) 926-7888 (MN); (800) 328-1223

Create-A-Test is a sophisticated test
writing program. With it, teachers can se-
lect questions from question disks and
print them out to produce perfectly for-
matted tests in as little as 10 minutes. It
prints almost any kind of question includ-
ing true-false, multiple choice, fill in the
blanks, matching, and problem solving.

Answers can be printed with the ques-
tions. Teachers can buy questions or write
their own with the built-in text editor. The
Create- A-Test question library presently
has 21 disks containing 450 questions
each. Topics available include: chemistry
(14), biology (2), physical science (2), phy-
sics (1), botany (1), and geography (1).
Question disks require the Create- A-Test
program which is $89.95. Question disks
are $49.95 each. A package containing the
program and four question disks sells for
$200.00. The 37 page manual includes step
by step instructions that make it easy for
anyone to use all of the features of the pro-
gram. Requires any Apple II, one disk
drive and a printer.

Circle HelpCard No. 138
Cross Educational Software
P. 0. Box 1536
Ruston, LA 71270
(318) 255-8921

Computer Tutor Series Four breaks
the computer literacy barrier for all cur-
rent and potential Apple II and //e users.
Four one- hour videocassette tapes permit
any user to have the equivalent of a perma-
nent instructor at their command at any
time, as often as desired. Each tape is di-
vided into convenient 15 minute segments
and using the completely interactive for-
mat, an individual can achieve immediate
hands-on computer experience without
any prior preparation or experience.
Using these tapes people will become more
than an intelligent user of the Apple -
they’ll become its master without getting
buried in technical manuals. The tapes
are: 1) First Byte of the Apple, 2) BASIC
Programming: Coding, Counting and
Comparing, 3) Graphics: A picture is
Worth 1,000 Words and 4) Problem Solv-
ing: Calculating, Formatting & Filing.
$135.00 for each one-hour tape.

Circle HelpCard No. 139
Computer Tutor Publishing Company
925 DeMun Avenue
St. Louis, MO 63105
(314) 725-1088

Edu-Cave is a new 2-diskette software
package of fun and learning for home or
school use. Entranced by the Ultimate
Quest, you wend your way up a treach-
erous mountain path, and descend into the
depths of multi-chambered Kurzen Cav-
ern. Throughout your journey you’ll en-
counter hazardous blitzers, spatzers, and
the challenging queries posed by the
Wizard of Lore. Edu-Cave provides multi-
level challenges in arithmetic, geography,
and spelling. Quiz Maker allows kids,
parents, and teachers to custom-design
learning experiences in history, languag-
es, science, or any topic of choice. Game

Circle HelpCard No. 10

SAVE UP TO 40%

TOLL FREE ORDER LINE

No Hidden Charges
No Charge for Credit Cards
No Shipping Delay for Personal

AVANT-GARDE CREATIONS

HIRES Computer

Golf $21.00

HIRES Computer

Golf 2 25.00

Jump Jet 21.00

BEAGLE BROTHERS

Alpha Plot $28.00

Aplle Mechanic 21.00

Beagle Bag 21.00

DOS Boss 20.00

Double Take 25.00

Flex Text 21.00

Frame Up 21.00

Pronto DOS 21.00

Tip Disk #1 15.00

Typefaces 15.00

Utility City 21.00

BRODERBUND

AE $25.00

Arcade Machine 42.00

Bank Street Writer 48.00

Choplifter 25.00

Gumball 21.00

Lode Runner 25.00

Maze Machine 42.00

Midnight Magic 25.00

Questron 32.00

Sea Fox 21.00

Serpentine 25.00

Spare Change 25.00

Star Blazer 23.00

BUDGECO

Pinball Construction

Set $28.00

Raster Blaster 21.00

CALIFORNIA PACIFIC

Ultima $28.00

CONTINENTAL SOFTWARE

The Home

Accountant $53.00

DATAMOST

Aztec $28.00

Bilestoad 28.00

Casino 28.00

Conquering Worlds 21.00

Mating Zones 21.00

Missing Ring 21.00

Pig Pen 21.00

Snack Attack 21.00

Swashbuckler 25.00

Thief 21.00

DATASOFT

Canyon Climber $21.00

Micropainter 25.00

Zaxxon 28.00

DATA TREK

Maze Craze $28.00

EDU-WARE

Algebra 1-4 $28.00

Algebra 5 & 6 35.00

Compu-Read 21.00

Decimals 35.00

Fractions 35.00

Prisoner 2 25.00

Rendezvous 28.00

EPYX

Crush, Crumble &

Chomp $21.00

Hellfire Warrior 28.00

Temple of Apshai 28.00

H.A.L. LABS

Sheila $20.00

Super Taxman 2 20.00

HAYDEN SOFTWARE

Go $25.00

ORCA/M 70.00

Sargon II 25.00

INFOCOM

Deadline $35.00

Starcross 28.00

Suspended 35.00

The Witness 35.00

Zork I. II, & III ea. 28.00

INTELLIGENT STATEMENTS

Ken Uston’s Professional
Blackjack $49.00

LIGHTNING SOFTWARE

Master Type $28.00

MICROLAB

Miner 2049er $28.00

MICROSOFT

Adventure $21.00

Olympic Decathalon . . . 21.00
Typing Tutor II 20.00

MUSE

Castle Wolfenstein . . . $21.00

Caverns of Freitag 21.00

Robot War 28.00

Three Mile Island 28.00

Titan Empire 28.00

ODESTA

Checkers $35.'00

Chess 7.0 49.00

Odin 35.00

OMEGA MICROWAVE

Inspector $45.00

Locksmith 4.1 75.00

Night Falls 21.00

Watson 35.00

ORIGIN SYSTEMS

Exodus: Ultima III .... $40.00

QUALITY SOFTWARE

Ali Baba $25.00

Bag of Tricks 35.00

Beneath Apple Manor . 21.00
Fastgammon 18.00

SENSIBLE SOFTWARE

Sensible Speller $100.00

Super Disk Copy 21.00

PENGUIN SOFTWARE

Complete Graphics

System $49.00

Coveted Mirror 15.00

Crime Wave 15.00

Graphics Magician 45.00

Minit Man 15.00

Pensate 15.00

Pie Man 15.00

(The) Quest 15.00

Short Cuts 35.00

Special Effects 28.00

Spy’s Demise 15.00

The Spy Strikes Back. . 15.00

Thunderbombs 15.00

Transylvania 15.00

SIERRA ON-LINE

Adv. #1 Mission

Asteroid $15.00

Adv. #2 Mystery

House 18.00

Adv. #3 Wizard &

The Princess 25.00

Adv. #4 Ulysses 25.00

Adv. #5 Time Zone 70.00

Adv. #6 Dark Crystal . . 28.00

Apple Cider Spider 21.00

Bop-A-Bet 21.00

Cannonball Blitz 25.00

Crossfire 21.00

Dragon’s Keep 21.00

Frogger 25.00

Jawbreaker (new) 21.00

Learning w/Leeper 25.00

Marauder 25.00

Sammy Lightfoot 21.00

Softporn Adventure ... 21.00

Threshold 20.00

Troll’s Tale 21.00

Ultima II 42.00

The Artist 60.00

Screenwriter II 99.00

General Manager 175.00

HARDWARE

DEALS

MODEMS

Apple Cat II ..$299.00
Micromodem II 265.00
Micromodem w/term-

inal prog 295.00

212 Apple Cat . 580.00

MONITORS

Amdek

Color I $299.00

Color II RGB ... 599.00
Color III RGB ..399.00
RGB Card 149.00

USI

Pil 9" Green .$119.00
Pi 2 12" Green . 149.00
Pi3 12" Amber. 159.0C)
Pi4 9" Amber .. 129.00
Color 1400 .... 299.00

PRINTERS

C. Itoh

GX-lOO $229.00

Prowriter 399.00

Okidata

Microline 80 . . . 349.00
Microline 82A . 449.00
Microline 92 . . . 549.00

SILICON VALLEY
SYSTEMS

Word Handler/List Handler

package $149.00

SIRIUS

Critical Mass $28.00

Epoch 25.00

Gorgon 28.00

Repton 28.00

Plasmania 25.00

Type Attack 28.00

Wayout 28.00

SIR-TECH

Galactic Attack $21.00

Knight of Diamonds . . . 25.00
Legacy of LIylgamyn . . 29.00

Police Artist 25.00

Star Maze 25.00

Wizardry 35.00

SOFT IMAGES

Blackjack Strategy . . . $49.00

Pandemonium 28.00

Single’s Night at
Molly’s 21.00

SOFTWARE PUBLISHING

PFS: File $95.00

PFS; Graph 95.00

PFS: Report 95.00

SPINNAKER

Delta Drawing $35.00

Face Maker 25.00

Hey Diddle, Diddle .... 21.00

Kindercomp 21.00

Most Amazing Thing . . 28.00

Rhymes & Riddles 21.00

Snooper Troops

1 & 2 ea 32.00

Story Machine 25.00

STRATEGIC SIMULATIONS

Bomb Alley $42.00

Computer Ambush 42.00

Computer Baseball 28.00

Computer Quarterback 28.00

Cosmic Balance 28.00

Cosmic Balance II 28.00

Galactic Adventures . . . 42.00

Geopolitique 1990 42.00

Germany 1985 42.00

Knights of the Desert . . 28.00

North Atlantic ’86 42.00

RDF ’85 25.00

Tigers in the Snow 28.00

Warp Factor 28.00

SUB-LOGIC

Flight Simulator $25.00

Pinball: Night Mission . 21.00

Road Block 21.00

Saturn Navigator 25.00

Space Vikings 35.00

RISING SUN SOFTWARE
4200 PARK BLVD.

OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA 94602
(415) 482-3391

Ordering Information: We’ll accept any form of payment— cash, personal check, money order, VISA/
MasterCard, or C.O.D. Send cash at your own risk. Add $2.00 for UPS shipping; $3.00 for Blue Label Air.
California residents add applicable sales tax. ALL orders shipped same day received. If we are out of stock
on a particular item we will include a special bonus with yourorder when shipped.

CALL TOLL FREE 24 HOURS (ORDERS ONLY)

(800) 227-1617, ext. 114 (Outside California)
(800) 772-3545, ext. 114 (Inside California)

SYNERGISTIC

Atlantis $28.00

Crisis Mountain 25.00

Bolo 25.00

G.P.L.E 49.00

Microbe 32.00

Odyssey 21.00

SYDNEY DATA PRODUCTS

Evolution $28.00

ULTRASOFT

Mask of the Sun $28.00

Serpent’s Star 28.00

VISICORP

VisiCalc 3.3 $175.00

VisiCalc lie 175.00

VisiDex 175.00

VisiFile 175.00

VisiLink 175.00

VisiPlot 150.00

Visi Schedule 210.00

VisiTerm 75.00

VisiTrend/Plot 225.00

HARDWARE

JOYSTICKS AND PADDLES

Hayes Mach II $32.00

Hayes Mach He 35.00

Hayes Mach III 40.00

Hayes Mach Hie 44.00

Kraft Joystick 45.00

Kraft Paddles 35.00

Sirius Joyport 36.00

TG Joystick 42.00

TG Paddles 29.00

TG Trackball 48.00

MISCELLANEOUS HARDWARE

Grappler + $125.00

16K Ram 75.00

SoftCard 275.00

System Saver 65.00

BLANK DISCS (box of 10)

Elephant

(SS/SD) $22.00

(SS/DD) 25.00

Maxell (SS/DD) 30.00

Verbatim

(SS/SD) 25.00

(SS/DD) 28.00

Diskette File Box
(holds 60) 20.00

DISK DRIVES

Rana Elite 1 $289.00

w/controller 389.00

Rana Elite 2 479.00

w/controller 559.00

Rana Elite 3 629.00

w/controller 699.00

VIDEX

Videoterm $239.00

Ultraterm 279.00

ADVANCED LOGIC SYSTEMS

CP/M Card $299.00

Dispatcher 104.00

Z-Card II 129.00

OTHER ITEMS

Gibson Light Pen $249.00

Koala Graphics Tablet . 99.00
S.A.M 89.00

Circle HelpCard No. 49

CustomFONT

Character, Symbol, and Font Design
for your Apple III and Graphics Printer

Design, display and print special charac-
ters, symbols, logos, formulae, graphics,
and special fonts in word processing and
spreadsheets • Enhance your own pro-
grams and games with flashing charac-
ters, unique displays, and distinctive
reports • Built-in fontfile utilities and
character set printouts • Fully docu-
mented and fun to use • Extends the
capabilities of your Apple III and graph-
ics printer 1000 percent! • Requires 256k
and Epson, IDS 4/560, Prism, Prowriter,
or Apple DMP.

Only $149.00. Send check or money order to:

Swenson

The Solution Company

SWENSON ASSOCIATES, INC.
45 Newbury Street
Boston, MA 02116
(617) 267-3632

(Massachusetts residents add 5 % sales tax)

Dealer inquiries welcome

□ Please send CustomFONT
(payment enclosed)

□ Please send more information

City

State Zip

Phone

□ Visa DM/C#

Exp. Date

Signature

Circle HelpCard No. 54

difficulty can be selected from very easy to
tough. Requires any Apple II with 48K and
disk drive with DOS 3.3 $29.50.

Circle HelpCard No. HO
Micro Program Designs
5440 Crestline Road
Wilmington, DE 19808
(302) 738-3798

The Participative Management Skills

package is a set of interactive tutorial
lessons. It is designed to help improve
employee-management communications
and to reverse trends toward declining
productivity in business and industry. The
course has been used by managers and
supervisors in both non-profit and profit-
oriented organizations. An instructional
text and all necessary computer software
are included in the Duosoft PMS package.
Specific subject matter covers the benefits
of participative decision making; positive
ways to use power within the corporate
structure; how to facilitate team com-
munication; understanding motivational
dynamics; and achieving consensus.
Circle HelpCard No. HI
Duosoft Corporation
1803 Woodfield Drive
Savoy, IL 61874
(217) 356-3111

The Scientific Method tutorial intro-
duces the student to the scientific method
by presenting the following areas: define
the problem, collect information, make
hypothesis, check hypothesis, and reach
conclusion. Finally, the student is given
the opportunity to act as a scientist and
put all the steps together as he solves an
interesting problem, on his own. Through-
out the program the importance of the use
of control factors is emphasized. A series
of interesting puzzles, mysteries, prob-
lems, and questions teaches the student to
use a logical and common sense approach
to solving a problem $39.00. Designed for
Junior high through high school. Requires
any Apple II with 48K RAM and DOS
3.3.

Circle HelpCard No. H2
Cygnus Software
8002 E. Culver
Mesa, AZ 85207

Seven new PLATO educational courses
include - The Computer Keyboard, Stor-
age and Memory, Files and Editing, and
Databases. These computer concepts
courses are designed to provide students
with the fundamentals of computer con-
cepts as a springboard for building more
advanced computer skills. Junior and sen-
ior high school students can expand their
foreign language vocabulary with Plato's
new French, German and Spanish “Create-
A-Vocabulary” lessons. Each language
course consists of 250 basic vocabulary
words, including nouns, verbs and articles
for nouns.

Circle HelpCard No. H3
Control Data Corporation
Minneapolis, MN
(612) 853-6605

Financial

SofTax 1983 runs on any Apple II or ///
computer. It performs both tax prepara-
tion and simulation functions. The
entry routines use VisiCalc to speed and
simplify data entry. All forms and sched-
ules are printed for direct submittal to the
IRS. New print features include: Batch
print capability to allow a preparer to
print returns for multiple clients with one
request, a Proforma or Organizer that can
be mailed to clients at end of year showing
their prior year’s figures, and a Print
Parameter file to set options such as
whether to round amounts to whole dol-
lars or print dollars and cents, and pre-
parer information for printing at the
bottom of the signature forms. A one
screen simulator shows current tax posi-
tion based upon either detailed or sum-
mary entry. Can easily perform “What if? ”
analysis and assess the impact of various
tax scenarios. The Individual Version
$199.00, Preparer’s Version $499.00, Pro-
fessional Version $850. Demonstration
system available for $25.00.

Circle HelpCard No. IH
Design Trends Ltd.

P. 0. Box G
Wilton, CT 06897
(203) 834-1560

Tax Command, a Federal Income Tax
calculation program, is now in its second
year of publication. It provides a line by
line method of calculating income tax for
federal tax forms, including form 1040,
income averaging. Schedule A - itemized
deductions (including medical), capital
gains and losses and contains all tax
tables for every filing status. On com-
puters with over 48K, Tax Command in-
cludes numerous other schedules as well.
It does all mathematical calculations
automatically, contains built-in tax tables

that calculate your tax refund or payment,
and tells when to income average. While
the program does not print on the actual
form, in most versions it does print each
entry needed on your tax form $24.95.
Circle HelpCard No. lJf.5
Practical Programs, Inc.

P. 0. Box 93104
Milwaukee, WI 53202
(414) 278-0829

CheckMinder is a personal finance pro-
gram designed for both business & per-
sonal use. It allows 999 expense categor-
ies, handles multiple accounts and pro-
duces a multitude of reports; all done with
extremely rapid data entry. Another plus:
the entire program resides in RAM which
eliminates module loading and speeds up
use. The program runs on any Apple II or
the ///. CheckMinder retails for $69.95
plus $3.00 postage.

Circle HelpCard No. lJf-6
Sleeping Bear Software
1124 Fuhrman Road
Cincinnati, OH 45215
(513) 769-0692

BPI Accounts Receivable for the Apple
// e enables a small business to take advan-
tage of computerized accounting. The sys-
tem offers you the important choice of
either “balance forward” or “open item”
accounting detailing. It details each item
on the accounts receivable ledger with
amount and dates. Automatically pro-
duces an Aged Accounts Receivable re-
port for early account collection and
business planning. Handles an unlimited
number of customer accounts on multiple
disks and permits you to customize your
statements with your company name, ad-
dress, payment terms, and other message
or advertising. The system stands alone or
interfaces with the BPI General Account-
ing system. Requires an Apple //e with
64K RAM, two Apple II diskette drives
with DOS 3.3, a monitor, and an 80 column
text card. It will also run on the Apple II
Plus with an 80 column card and moni-
tor $395.00.

Circle HelpCard No. H7
BPI Systems
3423 (Guadalupe
Austin, TX 78705
(512) 454-2801

OpVal is a new stock option analysis pro-
gram that takes just 18 seconds to evalu-
ate 96 options. The program’s electronic
book displays combine the ease of menu
driven operation with the speed and flex-
ibility of spreadsheet software. Features
include forecasts of adjusted Black-
Scholes prices for stock, index and com-
modity options, warrants and converti-
bles; recall of security information from
disk; retrieval of market prices from Dow
Jones or keyboard entry; auto-calendar;
one keystroke printing; graphs of simple
strategies and complicated positions;
newspaper-like option displays. Manual/
demo disk $35.00. Complete program
$250.00.

Circle HelpCard No. H8
CalcShop Inc.

P. 0. Box 1231
W. Caldwell, NJ 07007
(201) 228-9139

Winning on Wall Street is a new and
highly sophisticated stock market decision
support software system. The new three
module, fully integrated software system
is designed for stock market investors and
traders. Includes Trader’s Data Manager
$200.00, Trader’s Forecaster $250.00,
Trader’s Accountant $350.00, and Win-
ning on Wall Street - the Complete System
$700.00. It is the first stock market soft-
ware data base to offer the capability of
maintaining daily, weekly, monthly, year-
ly and quarterly data simultaneously, in-
cluding up to twenty years of annual data.
The Forecaster includes moving averages,
exponential smoothing, adaptive filtering,
least square fit method, a matrix projec-
tion formula, mid-channel support/resis-
tance lines, etc. The Accountant offers the
ability to create up to 999 portfolio ac-
counts within which stock transactions
may take place. In addition, a liquid fund
account enables investors to trace the
movement of money between liquid money
funds and stock broker’s accounts.

Circle HelpCard No. 1U9
Suma Software Corporation
P. 0. Box 2046
Beaverton, OR 97075
(503) 644-3212

Game s/ S imulations

Apple Cider Spider lives in the rafters of
an apple cider factory, far from the noise
and confusion of the bottling machines. To
make his journey back to the safety of his
web, he must avoid the perils of rolling
apples, slicers, crushers, bottlers and cap-
pers - even the juice itself. As if all this is
not enough to look out for, the spider must
also contend with hungry birds and frogs
who are out looking for a tasty treat. The
faster he makes the journey through the
factory, the more bonus points he is award-
ed. Detailed color graphics and sound

APPLE TEES!

Style B

“My Apple Has Juice!”

Style A

“My Apple Is Programmed
To Byte!"

Stand up and be counted with
these great 50% cotton / 50%
polyester T-shirts, light blue with
red lettering. Adult & child sizes.
A great gift for that Apple-lover in
your life!

Make checks payable to:
SINEQUANON
P.O. Box 235 R
Cedarhurst, New York 11516

Please rush me shirt(s) at

$8.50 each (shipping included).

Circle style and size below:

Style: A or B
Adult: S M L XL

Child: S M L

NAME_

ADDRESS

CITY STATE ZIP

(Allow 4 to 6 weeks for delivery)

Circle HelpCard No. 50

APPLE®

SERIAL

AT LAST an APPLE® compati-
ble serial card that can do it all!
IDEAL for use with SERIAL
PRINTERS, Remote CRTs and
Teletypes (Current Loop sup-
ported). Letter Quality Serial Prin-
ter protocol (ETX-ACK) AND Hard-
wire ‘ready’ handshake (transmit
only) both supported. BEST of all,
only $41. 95/kit, $61.95/assm. In-
cluded is a comprehensive instruc-
tion manual and a 6 month war-
ranty. For MODEM users we also
include a half duplex, 40 column,
terminal emulation program in the
user manual. A FULL DUPLEX
version, with DATA CAPTURE
option, usable up to 1200 BAUD is
available on unprotected disk.
Software is also compatible with
the ‘old Apple® serial interface’.
Add $10.00 for disk. Most orders
shipped 24 hours after receipt*.

B & D Electronics:
Keeping the cost of your
Apple® Byte size.

Send check, money order* or
COD* to:

B & D Electronics

P.O. Box 3651
Lawrence, Ks. 66044
(913) 841-4182

DEALERS INVITED
Circle HelpCard No. 7

January 1984 87

WHAT IS PRINT MASTER?

Is it the only check writer on the
market that makes labels?

Or is it the only mailing list pro-
gram on the market that writes
checks?

Either way, it’s the best software
buy around at only $29.95
(checks and labels not included).

• Prints business or personal
checks

• Makes mailing labels and
mailing lists

• Addresses envelopes, prints
shipping labels

• All from file data (2000 per
disk)

• Has powerful sorting features

• Very quick set-up and user
friendly

• File maintenance programs
too!

• For Apple II with disk and
SOcol. printer.

Order from

SOFT-BYTE

P. O. Box 5701 Forest Pk,
Dayton, OH 45405
(add $1 .00 for COD) info is free!

Circle HelpCard No. 52

RAMDRIVE //e

Use your 64K or 1 28K extended 80
column card to emulate a fast disk
drive! All cards work, including Ap-
plied Engineering’s upgradeable
MemoryMaster //e. Totally compati-
ble with DOS 3.3, Apple Pascal 1.1,
CP/M, 80 columns, and double hi-res.

RAMDRIVE //e features audio-
visual access indicators, easy setup for
turnkey operation, DOS speedup
capability, and menu driven
documentation. A new utility can
copy an entire disk in one (128K) or
two (64K) passes. RAMDRI^^ //e can
be modified and is copyable. Two ver-
sions, specify one when ordering: DOS
& Pascal, or CP/M.

PRECISION SOFTWARE

6 5 1 4 N. Fresno Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53224
(414)353-1666

Circle HelpCard No. 42

$29.95

effects add loads of fun and excitement for
all ages. It can be played on the keyboard
or with a joystick, by one or two players,
and has Mockingboard compatibility.
Available on disk for any Apple II for
$29.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 150
Sierra On-Line, Inc.

36575 Mudge Ranch Road
Coarsegold, CA 93614
(209) 683-6858

The circus comes to the home computer
screen wtih Sammy Lightfoot, a new
action game. Using paddles, joystick or
keyboard, players maneuver Sammy, a
budding circus acrobat, across different
screens full of trampolines and swinging
trapeze ropes, while rolling barrels, pound-
ing hammers, grinning pumpkins, disap-
pearing floors and tongues of fire try to
stop him. Sammy’s timing must be perfect
to make it through to the magic carpet ride
which awaits him; any false steps along
the way and Sammy flips his orange wig!
As Sammy successfully completes each
stage of his daring journey, he jitterbugs
with joy to well-known fifties tunes.
Sammy Lightfoot is designed for all age
groups and has a programmable menu
allowing the player to choose whether he
will play alone or with another, the level of
difficulty of the game (levels are rated
from 1 to 6) and whether it will be played
with a keyboard, paddles or joystick.
Available for any Apple II for $29.95.
Circle HelpCard No. 151
Sierra On-Line, Inc.

36575 Mudge Ranch Road
Coarsegold, CA 93614
(209) 683-6858

Quizagon is the computer quiz game to
challenge all quiz games. Knowledge,
strategy, luck - all are part of mastering
Quizagon. Do you know the answers? Can
you maneuver through the hexagons?
What will the Quizards demand of you?
Over 6,000 questions explore and expand
the limits of what you know. Categories
include science and geography, sports and
games, entertainment and arts, history,
words and potpourri. It’s a family game, a
party game, an exciting educational game
for people who love to challenge their
minds. Look for additional categories such
as politics, literature, comics, old movies,
and rock ‘n’ roll. There will also be cur-
riculum based categories to help your
children in school $39.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 152
Counterpoint Software, Inc.

Early Games Piece of Cake is designed
to teach the basics of elementary math.
These five games lead children into a
magical bakery where they learn to add,
subtract, multiply and divide. Children
keep count of the tasty cakes as they come
out of the oven and are sold to customers.
In Catch-a-Cake they learn to compute

quickly, before the cakes fall splat on the
floor. When a child runs into trouble, the
bakers explain what to do. This program
adds a real element of fun to learning
math, demonstrating that it can truly be a
‘Tiece of Cake” $29.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 153
Counterpoint Software, Inc.

Early Games Fraction Factory teaches
elementary- junior high fraction concepts.
At the Fraction Factory children discover
they can see and describe fractions easily,
find equal values with different denomi-
nators, multiply whole numbers by a frac-
tion, add fractions to fractions, and sub-
tract fractions from fractions. Colorful
graphics and musical sounds help children
understand what the numbers mean.
Wrong answers are responded to up to
three times with increasing degrees of
sound, color and animation hints. This
process helps children master the fraction
concepts and puts them on the leading
edge in their math understanding $29.95.
Circle HelpCard No. 15U
Counterpoint Software, Inc.

4005 West Sixty- Fifth Street

Minneapolis, MN 55435

(612) 926-7888 (MN); (800) 328-1223

Funtastic, Inc. announces the release of
Snack Attack & Friends for any Apple
II or /// computer. This package consists
of the three best selling arcade games
Snack Attack, County Fair, and Space
Cadette, all on one diskette at a list price of
just $29.95. Proven popularity and appeal
to all ages.

Circle HelpCard No. 155
Funtastic, Inc.

5-12 Wilde Avenue
Drexel Hill, PA 19026
(215) 622-5716

Cubit is a game that plays somewhat
along the lines of a highly popular arcade
game called Q* Bert by Gottlieb. Its unique
three-dimensional movement brings new
excitement to Apple series computing. It is
a fun and challenging game for people of
all ages. Cubit uses a three dimensional
pyramid made up of cubes as the playing
field. The object of the game is to change
the color of all the cubes on the screen by
jumping on them. It’s you and Cubit
against a pyramid full of bouncing balls,
disguised snakes, and vicious gremlins
bent on keeping you from completing your
task. At your disposal, however, you have
a set of transport disks and a magic star on
your side to help you in your mission. Each
level becomes progressively harder with
different strategy and speed. Playable
with both joystick and keyboard on a 48 K
Apple computer with DOS 3.3 or any com-
patible system $39.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 156
Micromax Systems, Inc.

6868 Nancy Ridge Drive
San Diego, CA 92121
(619) 457-3131

88 Apple Orchard

WHAT DO YOU GIVE
THE APPLE THAT DOESN’T
HAVE EVERYTHING?

Begin by giving it
PEELINGS n.

Then you can equip it with the best soft-
ware, hairdware, and computer products
that money can buy!

Give your Apple what it has always
wanted and YOU’LL receive the benefits.
It couldn’t be easier. Fill out the coupon
below and mail it to:

PEELINGS II

P.O. Box 625
Holmes, PA 19043

We are THE magazine of Apple software
and hardware evaluation. That means we
tell you the inside story on major software
packages in clear, readable and straight-
forward language. We rate software using
standards that are updated and revised as
technology changes. We publish tutoricils,
glossaries and comparison charts. We ex-
plain HOW TO buy software and hard-
ware. In short, PEELINGS U gives you the
facts so you can avoid costly mistakes and
make the right decisions.

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE EVALUATION

Pedii^^

THE MAGAZINE OF APPLE

Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.

Please □ Enter □ Renew my
subseription for 1 year (9 issues)

USA($21)»US 1st Class, Canada, Mexico, APO & FPO($36)
South America & Europe ($48)»A11 Other Countries ($57)
Sample Copy USA ($4) • Elsewhere ($8)

Name

Address

City St4te Zip

□ Payment Enclosed DBill Me □ VISA □ MasterCard

Card No. Expires

Signature ^

Payment must accompany all foreign orders, be in US funds
and drawn on US bank — make checks payable to:
PEELINGS II, Inc., P.O. Box 625, Holmes, PA. 19043

Or call Toll-free: 1-800-345-8112
(in Pennsylvania: 1-800-662-2444)

Circle HelpCard No. 41

The Diabolical Plot of Dr. Dracupig is

a fast-paced arcade game. You try to de-
stroy snapping jaws, tumbling bones,
breathing lungs and other animated body
parts with your limited supply of Vampire
Venom. Big, colorful graphics and ten in-
creasingly difficult levels of play make this
a fun game for all age levels. Joystick, pad-
dles, or keyboard. For any 48K Apple II
with DOS 3.3 $29.95.

Circle He Lp Card No. 157
Vulcan Software
1805 Saulter Road
Birmingham, AL 35209
(205) 871-5510

Gumball, a new arcade game, is full of
colorful and delicious surprises. Imagine
you are an apprentice at the Sticky Sole
Gumball Factory. You’re the lucky one
who gets to sort all the tantalizing gum-
balls. But the job has its problems. Not the
least of these is your boss, who is always
ready and waiting to undo your best ef-
forts. Then there are the over-zealous den-
tal assistants who are trying to blow-up
the factory with explosive-laced gumballs.
It’s a good thing there is a built-in steam
whistle to signal the end of your tense
hours on the job. If you are successful in
your mind-boggling new job you’ll be re-
warded with a promotion (to an even more
challenging position, of course), and a
colorful cartoon illustrating a dramatic
increase in your standard of living. For

any Apple II $29.95.
Circle HelpCard No. 158
Broderbund Software

DROL offers Apple gamesters plenty to
cope with - from airborne turkeys that
cook up into Thanksgiving roasts when
you zap them, to overweight, hopping
monsters that relentlessly toss lightning
bolts, to scorpions, lizards, a magnet-
tossing witchdoctor, and more. Games
players take on the task of pursuing a red-
headed girl and her propeller-beanied
brother who have wandered away from
their mother. Mesmerized by the spell of a
witch doctor, the children drift aimlessly
through the scrolling underground cor-
ridors of an ancient civilization. A rocket
backpack, protective laser gun, and wide-
screen radar scope will prove indispens-
able as you frantically try to come to their
rescue and reunite them with their mother.
Cheerful, funny and unusually rich in de-
tail and color. The outstanding graphics
also feature amazingly detailed animation
$34.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 159
Broderbund Software
17 Paul Drive
San Rafael, CA 94901
(415) 479-1170

EAGLES is the game that flies you over
France during World War I to j oin the men

who first rose to the skies like the glorious
birds of prey the game is named for. This
realistic strategy simulation gives you
fourteen historic lanes - including the
feared Fokker DR-1 Triplane (the Red
Baron’s favorite) and the legendary Sop-
with Camel - each accurately rated for
speed, rate of climb, and maneuverability.
If you like, you can even fly planes of your
own design. You can play against enemy
planes flown by the computer, or against
other players. Fly balloon-busting mis-
sions, set up duels between single aircraft,
or create grand dogfights involving as
many as twenty planes. Choose historic
scenarios, or let the computer set up the
battles.

Circle HelpCard No. 160
Strategic Simulations, Inc.

883 Stierlin Road, Bldg. A-200
Mountain View, CA 94043-1983
(415) 964-1353

Seven new software programs for children
and their families have been announced
for the Apple II computer. Stickybear
Basketbounce is a multi-level computer
game for the entire family, with special
play value for young children. Players win
points by catching colorful bouncing
bricks, doughnuts or stars before running
out of baskets $39.95. Stickybear
Opposites is a game that teaches oppo-
sites - up/down, full/empty, in front/
behind, and more to 3 to 6 year olds.
Includes disk, hardcover 32-page “Yes
and No” book, user’s guide, poster, stick-
ers and vinyl binder $39.95. Stickybear
Shapes helps 3 to 6 year olds learn to
recognize shapes of common objects.
When the child makes a correct choice, the
big, bright picture comes alive with anima-
tion. Disk, 32-page Shapes book, user’s
guide, poster, stickers and vinyl binder
$39.95. Fat City is a family game that has
the player operating a wrecker to flatten
buildings while trying to escape garbage
cans hurled by irrate tenants $39.95.
Chivalry - unique union of boardgame
and software features 20 different games
based on the days of chivalry - jousting,
tournaments, etc. Disk, gameboard, play-
ing pieces, poster, instructions, strategy
hints, and storage case $49.95. Exploring
Tables & Graphs, Grades 3 to 4 is an
introduction to the way graphs work and
how they are used. Games focus on topics
such as endangered species, world lang-
uages and populations $34.95. This is also
available for Grades 5 to 6 in which stu-
dents experiment with tables and pic-
tures, bar, line and area graphs. Topics for
games range from trees to satellites
$34.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 161
Xerox Education Publications
Computer Software Division
245 Long Hill Road
Middletown, CT 06457
(203) 347-7251

THE DATA BANK

Multifunction Database Si>stem

• We've included all the features most asked for and then added many more —
like the automatic update key, the default key, global calculation formulas and
flexible searches and sorts to save you time and to make your data more in-
teresting.

** We've included a powerful report generator that full]; uses your printer's
capabilities and an eas\; Luay to interface \;our data with other programs, such as
Visicalc and word processors.

• You get a simple and flexible editing feature for changing, deleting and add-
ing data, and a powerful revise file option.

• We've used standard apple files, plus we've left the program unlocked so \;ou
can make back-up copies and custom modifications if \;ou wish.

Best of all it is simple and easy to use, plus \;ou get a step-by-step tutorial manual
to show you all of its capabilities.

THE DATA BANK for on/y - $170.00*

Requires APPLESOFT, 48k, and one or more disk drives.

Runs on APPLE II -E and APPLE He. * * (Without report section for only $89.99.) *Plus
$3.00 shipping. CA residents add 6% tax.

Manteca, CA 95336 (209) 239-2116

‘Applesoft and Visicalc are Trade Marks respectively of Apple Computer, Inc. and Visicorp.

90 Apple Orchard

Circle HelpCard No. 19

LISA v2.6

You don’t need an I.Q. of 200 to learn assembly language on your Apple II or Apple//e. All you need is the
best 6502 assembler around; Lazer’s Interactive Symbolic Assembler (LISA v2. 6). LISA is the easy-to-
learn and easy-to-use system that will have even the absolute beginner up and running in a matter of minutes.
In addition to USA’s clearly written 240-page manual more tutorial materia! is available for USA than any
other assembler (including books by D. Fudge, R. Hyde, W. Mauer, andR. Mottola). USA isttie beginner’s best
choice.

Even if your I.Q. is 200, you’ll appreciate USA’s speed, power, and ease of use. At 20,000 lines/minute it’s
20 to 30 times faster than O RCA/M or Apple’s own Toolkit assembler. That’s why people like Bill Budge, Ken
Williams, Brian Fitzgerald, Don Fudge, and Steve Wozniak use it every day. USA is very usable. That’s why it’s
the most often used assembler ever created for the Apple II.

LISAv2.6 is available for $79.95 at computer stores everywhere. Ifyourlocal computer store doesn’t have
a'copy you can order directly from:

Lazerware, 925 Lorna St., Corona, California 91720. (714) 735-1041

Circle HelpCard No. 28

WITH

PERSON-TO-PERSON

You know the monsters we mean. Species:
Databasis Commonus. First you program
them, later you can use them. And after
sweating through the manual, what do you
get? Right. A real dinosaur. Painfully slow.
Hard to use.

Person-to-Person is the custom solution for
your most used data. PTP is our simple and
productive phone, mail and memo system. It
does things for you. Right away. And fast.

• Autodialer*: Instantly dials person-to-
person, via alternative long-distance, or
computer terminal calls (automatic log-on,
optional use of 80 columns)

• Address Book: Displays any address in 2
seconds

• Mailer: Address a single envelope, print
filing card, prepare mailing list, or merge-
print form letters with individual salutation
and address

• Memos: Conveniently displayed and up-
dated during calls

PTP is totally menu-driven with interactive
prompting throughout. It’s simply one of the
fastest, friendliest databases you’ll ever use.
And so convenient to use you’ll never lose
another number.

Person To Person for the Apple II and Apple
//efrom Trutec Software? Only $69.95.

Ask your dealer for a demo. Or order direct by
phone or mail.

Credit card orders accepted by phone. By mail
send check or money order. Add $3. 00/shipping.
California residents add 6% sales tax. Dealer in-
quiry invited.

Minimal system: 48K, 1 disk drive. Optional hardware em-
ployed: modem, printer, 16K card, 2nd disk drive, 80 col-
umn card, lie features. Capacity (64k) about 1500 listings
per file. Also suitable for general filling.

‘Optional modem required for dialing. Uses Hayes Micro-
modem II or Smartmodem with Apple Super Serial Interface
or other compatibles.

Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer. Micro-
modem II and Smartmodem are registered trademarks of
Hayes Microcomputer Products.

imJTEC

SOFIWARE

1700 Solano, Berkeley, CA 94707
Orders: 800-621-3744 (In CA 415-525-4901)

Fortress is a classic strategy game of
power and conquest. It is beautifully sim-
ple in concept: occupy a place, fortify it,
and dominate the surrounding coun-
tryside. Lay seige to your opponent’s for-
tresses, or better still, outflank them. The
rules are few: the possible moves, virtually
limitless. Even though this game allows
two human players to match wits against
each other, the solitaire game is far more
provocative. Five different computer op-
ponents are provided, all given colorful
names to match their unique style of play:
Genghis Khan, Count Vauban, Lord
Maginot, Sir Galahad, and the Squire.
Computer opponents are programmed not
only to play but to learn and improve. Each
time they play you, they study your stra-
tegy and memorize your strengths and
weaknesses. The better you get, the better
they’ll play, using your own habits and
tricks against you. Simple, fast (each game
lasts less than 10 minutes), and ever more
challenging. Fortress is available for any
Apple II with 48K $34.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 162
Strategic Simulations, Inc.

Professional Tour Golf is a game that
brings together the greatest golfers on
some of the most formidable holes in the
world. Gives you a choice between two dif-
ferent championship courses: the famed
seaside course at Pebble Beach, or a
course which was created from the most
famous and difficult holes on courses
around the world, such as the Augusta
National, Merion and Oakmont. Twenty of
the best players have been realistically
recreated, each rated according to his
power, accuracy and skill. You can play
against these famous pros, play alone, or
against your skillful friends. You’ll choose
your club, angle and amount of spin for
each drive, and carefully measure your
putts. Wind, trees, traps and water are all
factors in determining the strategy of your
play $39.95.

Circle HelpCard No, 163
Strategic Simulations, Inc.

883 Stierlin Road, Bldg. A-200
Mountain View, CA 94043-1983
(415) 964-1353

Graphics

Plotpro is a set of three Microsoft BASIC
programs which make scientific graphs on
any 80 or 132 column printer. Plotpro
creates linear, semi-logarithmic, and full
logarithmic plots and will plot multiple
functions on the same graph. Forced scal-
ing and auto- scaling are supported as well
as optional grid lines to aid in graph inter-
pretation. The Protemp module creates
templates of the physical appearance of
any graph. These templates specify the
type of scaling (linear, log, forced, or auto-
scaled).axis labeling, ranges for each axis

and other information. The Proquick mod-
ule controls plotting and printing of infin-
ite length graphs limited only by paper
length. Generates vertical formats suit-
able for use in reports, viewgraphs, etc.
Data files are easily generated by BASIC,
Fortran, Cobol, or Assembly language
programs. A 20 page manual and sample
files are included $49.95. Runs on the
Apple II Plus CP/M or any 8 inch or 5.25
inch CP/M based system.

Circle HelpCard No. 16U
BV Engineering
P. 0. Box 3351
Riverside, CA 92519
(714) 781-0252

CustomFONT will enhance Apple III
word processing, spreadsheets, and user
programs with custom characters, sym-
bols and fonts. Business logos, complex
mathematical formulae, foreign language
characters, and block graphics are only a
few of the possible applications. Apple ///
developers can create distinctive displays
and reports for new applications pro-
grams and games. Includes built-in file
utilities and a file of ready-to-use symbols
for technical writing, screen and report
formatting, and games. Character design
and font-file customization is accom-
plished via a sophisticated interactive
graphic interface. ASCII tables and
keyboard guides can be printed as an aid
to using customized character sets. Spe-
cial features for developers include com-
mands to create flashing characters and
listing of routines to download character
sets at run time. CustomFONT is easily
transferred to the Profile or other hard
disk. On-line help screens and complete
documentation ensure ease of use in any
application. Requires 256K of memory.
Custom printing of special characters and
fonts requires one of the following graph-
ics printers: Epson MX, FX, or RX, Pro-
writer, IDS 460, 560 or Prism, or Apple
DMP. CustomFONT is available for
$149.00.

Circle HelpCard No. 165
Swenson Associates, Inc.

45 Newbury Street
Boston, MA 02116
(617) 267-3632

Circle HelpCard No. 58

Color Me is a computer coloring book
with 25 Hi-Resolution pictures. The pic-
tures are designed with various degrees of
difficulty and include familiar objects and
animals. Each picture is titled in large
capital letters for word and subject recog-
nition. Use paddles or joystick to select
from 32 color pots and 4 choice boxes at
bottom of screen. Designed for 3-12 year
olds, Color Me introduces the child to the
exciting world of computer colors, tex-
tures and graphic combinations. This col-
oring book can be used over and over again
providing a new creative medium for chal-
lenge, fun and excitement $29.95. For the
Apple II-//e.

Circle HelpCard No. 166
Versa Computing, Inc.

3541 Old Conejo Road, Suite 104
Newbury Park, CA 91320
(805) 498-1956

Doublestuff uses standard Applesoft
BASIC commands, in combination with
your existing programs and your Apple //e.
You can expand your color graphics from 16
color Lo-Res (40 x 48) to double Lo-Res (80 x
48). Unheard of before - available now with
BASIC commands. Double Hi- Res 16 colors
(560 X 192 pixels) is all yours on the Apple
//e. It literally doubles the width on your
standard color TV monitor. Requires ei-
ther an 80 column card for double Lo-Res
or Extended 80 column card for double Hi-
Res and Lo-Res.

Circle HelpCard No. 167
Software Development Inc.

2053 West 11th Street
Brooklyn, NY 11223
(212) 449-6300

Languages

(Pro gramming)

Robot Control Language (RCL) is a

complete software development system to
program the RB5X personal robot using
common English words and phrases.
Based on Excalibur’s personal language
system called Savvy, RCL acts as a sort of
foreign language interpreter between the
robot and its owner. RB5X’s on-board mi-
croprocessor, the INS 8073, is program-
mable in Tiny BASIC, using most brands
of computers. Users write programs on
their computers and then transfer that
information to the robot. While it is easier
to learn and use than most other high-level
languages. Tiny BASIC still demands pre-
cision and accuracy, as well as the me-
morization of complex codes and symbols.
By contrast, RCL allows RB5X owners to
create applications software using Eng-
lish words, which are then transformed by
the system into the Tiny BASIC code the
robot needs to perform its various tasks.
RCL I is for use on one-disk drive systems
and costs $395.00. RCL II works on sys-
tems with more than one disk drive or with

a hard disk system $545.00. Users who
have previously purchased SAVVY may
buy an RCL upgrade for $125.00.

Circle HelpCard No. 168
RB Robot Corporation
18301 West 10th Avenue, Suite 310
Golden, CO 80401
(303) 279-5525

Two new versions of SAVVY, a natural
programming language for Apple //e and
II Plus, are available. The new versions
offer Apple users a high-level program-
ming language integrated with the
SAVVY operating system and database
management system. Business SAVVY
introduced last year, adds to these cap-
abilities a full complement of business
accounting and applications-building
tools for $950. SAVVY One, a starter sys-
tem, is designed for a single disk and con-
sists of the programming language, a

database management system, a text edi-
tor and a co-processor printed circuit card
containing a Z80A processor $349.00.
SAVVY Pro, for multiple and hard disk
systems, expands the range of capabilities
for which it is suited. Includes an auto-
mated database builder, as well as the pro-
gramming language, data base manage-
ment system and co-processor. In all con-
figurations, it can run under the CP/M
operating system and most standard 44 K
CP/M based application programs. Sup-
ports the Corvus hard disk, 80-column and
uppercase/lowercase display, plus serial
printers, parallel printers and additional
diskettes.

Circle HelpCard No. 169
Excalibur Technologies Corporation
800 Rio Grande Blvd., N.W.

21 Mercado

Albuquerque, NM 87104
(505) 242-3333

Introducing the New
Locksmith 5.0'

The World's Finest Nibble-Copier for Apple"
Protected Software Just Got Better!

When you invest in software that's
vital to your everyday usage you can't
afford to be without a backup. And
nobody can do it better for you than
Locksmith. (Our earlier model 4.0
was recently rated by Apple users as
their 3rd most favorite software
program.)

Locksmith 5.0 backs up virtually all
the latest Apple disks— even those
with the most recent protection
devices. And, thanks to the new
interactive "conversational" program
language, you can upgrade this
Locksmith to decipher new protec-
tion devices as they appear. You
keep Locksmith 5.0 state-of-the-art!

You also get all the utilities that made
Locksmith so popular...and more.

• Media Surface Check • Disk-drive
Speed Calibration • Degauss and
Erase • Nibble-Editor • Quickscan

• plus many others.

Special li^ade-ln Offer
for Owners of

Locksmith 3. and 4. Programs

Upgrade your current Locksmith to
5D at a substantial savings over the
purchase of a new 5.0. Call or write
for details.

A New Manual

Clear and easy-to-understand, this
newly written manual will take you
step-by-step through all the
Locksmith options. Instructions are
precise and detailed.

Locksmith 5.0 only $99.95 plus $3.50
for shipping and handling.

Call Toll-free 1-800-835-2246

( In Kansas 1 -800-362-242 1 )

OAAA^

Omega MicroWare

222 S. Riverside Plaza
Chicago, IL 60606
(312)648^844

Locksmith and Omega MicroWare are trademarks of Omega Microware, Inc. Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.

c 1983 Omega MicroWare, Inc.

Circle HelpCard No. 37

January 1984 93

Music

Mini- Songwriter is a program designed
to let anyone compose and play melodies
on a “piano keyboard.” It is easy to use
whether or not the user is musically in-
clined. Mini- Songwriter appears on the
screen as a graphic representation of a
piano keyboard. The user creates a tune by
pressing the computer’s arrow keys to
move up and down the musical scale.
When a note is chosen, its length can be
determined by pressing a number key. The
note is then sounded by pressing the space
bar. When the user plays a note, the letter
of the note appears on the screen, thus
helping the beginner learn note names.
Your tune can be edited and then played
back. You can also save your melodies to
be played later. Mini- Songwriter is just
one of the new programs included on this
issue of Window, the educational maga-
zine on a disk. Window Vol. 1, No. 3 is
available for $29.95. Subscriptions (five
issues) are available for $120.00 beginning
with any issue.

Circle HelpCard No. 1 70
Window, Inc.

469 Pleasant Street
Watertown, MA 02172
(617) 923-9147

Dolphin Dialogue is a unique software
program which creates and produces
dolphin-like sounds. Now, musical pros
and novices alike can experiment with the
unusual sounds and sound effects created
by Dolphin Dialogue. The program was
the development software for a human-
dolphin communications project now un-
derway at the Institute for Delphinid
Research in Grassy Keys, Florida. Syn-
tauri is offering Dolphin Dialogue to help
fund the research and let all sound enthus-
iasts benefit from the Institute’s pioneer-
ing work in talking with dolphins. All you
need for Dolphin Dialogue is an Apple II or
//e computer and the Music- System (from
Mountain Computer) to make the distinc-
tive whistles and trills associated with
dolphins. You can invent and save your
own sounds. To hear the sounds, you sim-
ply play the Apple II keyboard: a sequence
of letters will trigger a sequence of dol-
phin-like sounds $39.95. A poster is also
available for $10.00. All profits go the
Cetuman Foundation which funds the In-
stitute for Delphinid Research in their
human-dolphin communications project.
Circle HelpCard No. 171
Syntauri Corporation
4962 El Camino Real
Los Altos, CA 94022
(415) 966-1273

Genius Musician Board comes in a com-
plete self-contained package with everyth-
ing you need to hear and play computer
generated music. Along with the card is
included detailed instructions, keyboard
coding labels, and two mini stereo speak-

ers with audio cables. With an easy-to-
obtain adapter, you can also hook up a
stereo amplifier with external speakers.
Create, play and store music. Simply in-
sert into Slot 2 on any Apple II computer.
Add special sound effects (gunshot, explo-
sion, laser or rockets firing, etc.) or de-
signate melody, tempo, chord, beat and
rhythm. One floppy disk may contain
about one hundred popular songs with
chord & rhythm.

Circle HelpCard No. 172

Innova Computer Industry Co., Ltd.

c/o Sundelight International Inc.

933-C S. Greenwood Avenue
P.O. Box 923
Montebello, CA 9040
(213) 728-5023

The Midi Network consists of an interface
card which receives and transmits data
between the computer and synthesizers,
and generates drum timing information. It
works like a multi- track tape recorder, with
individual track function select and real-
time tempo control. The user performs
music on one of the connected syn-
thesizers, and all data transmitted concern-
ing the performance is stored as a “track”
in the Apple memory. Also provided is an
“edit” mode, which enables the user to
“punch in”, “punch out” and edit a recor-
ded track. This information can either be
merged with the old data (overdub) or it
can replace the old data (splice). Requires
any Apple II with 48 or 64K RAM, one disk
drive and video monitor and works with
one or more MIDI equipped synthesizers
(Yamaha, Roland, Korg, Sequential, etc.
and most popular drum machines.

Circle HelpCard No. 200
Passport Designs, Inc.

116 N. Cabrillo Hwy
Half Moon Bay, CA 94019
(415) 726-0280

Personal

dec’s famous fortune cookie program
is now available for Apple owners. Your
daily fortune is randomly selected from a
data base of over 500 fortunes. The for-
tunes can be included in any user program.
In addition to the random fortune selection
program an interactive data base tool is
inc-uded for addition, replacement, mod-
ification or deletion of fortunes from the
data base. The number of fortunes is limi-
ted only by the user’s imagination and disk
size $24.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 1 73
MSMS Software
1269 Albion Land
Sunnyvale, CA 94087
(408) 732-8354

With Astro-Talk, creating an accurate
personal horoscope is only the beginning.
This program “takes you through” that
horoscope, showing you just what your

stars are saying to you. Through the in-
sight of professional counseling astrolo-
gers, Astro-Talk looks at the unique quali-
ties of your individual horoscope - the
same horoscope astrologers use in their
personal interviews or “readings.” Based
on individual birth information, you get an
in-depth look at yourself or your family
and friends through the age-old language
of the stars. The menu format asks about
your areas of interest: your career, your
love life, etc. Use the “Student Astro-
guide” feature to ask: “What does an
Aquarius ‘rising sign’ mean” or find out
what it means “when the Moon in in the 7th
house.” Contains an introduction to the
concepts involved. Experienced astrolog-
ers can count on the program’s accuracy.
$39.95 with a handsome illustrated user’s
guide.

Circle HelpCard No. 1 7U
Matrix Software
315 Marion Avenue
Big Rapids, MI 49307
(616) 796-2483

Astrocalc is astronomical software for
the amateur, the professional and the
teacher of astronomy or anyone interested
in the sky and its observation (including
astrologers). Date, time and locations are
input and Astrocalc calculates and dis-
plays all basic data for the sun, moon and
all planets. Output includes: rising and
setting times plus brightness magnitudes;
right ascension and declination, altitude
and azimuth; acliptic latitude and lon-
gitude, elongation from Sun; angular size,
phase, orbital elements; inclination, eccen-
tricity, ascending node; mean and true
anomalies, distances; local sidereal time,
Greenwich Mean and sidereal time; begin-
ning and ending of twilight; Julian day
number, solar equation of time. Comes
with a complete manual explaining its use,
with example output and a introduction to
the fundamentals of positional astronomy.
References are also included for those
wishing to further explore the topic
$29.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 175
Zephyr Services
306 S. Homewood Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15208
(412) 1247-5915

94 Apple Orchard

FOR APPLE COMPUTER USERS

JDR Microdevices

MR SVSTCMS

FD-35 DISK DRIVE $229.95

★ Shugart Mechanism — Made in U.S.A.

★ Direct Replacement for Apple Disk 11^1 Year Warranty

CONTROLLER CARD $69.95

L ★ One Year Warranty

APPLE COMPATIBLE POWER SUPPLY

GET SLIM IN 198a! 1*-^

JDR HALF-HEIGHT DISK DRIVE ■

-A- 35 Track w/Apple Controller

JDR 16K RAM CARD FOR APPLE II+

★ 2 YEAR WARRANTY 0J|J|OR

Kit with Instructions $40.95 An A 9 U ^

Bare PC Card $14.95

JDR COOLING FAN CLEARANCE SALE!

★ With Surge Protection ^JIAOR

★ Quantities Are Limited! 0nUSIU

★ Use Td Power Apple-Type Systems

★ +5V@5A +12V@3A ^

-5V@.5A -12 V @.5 A I

★ Instructions Included

$7995

OTHER ACCESSORIES FOR APPLE II

THUNDERCLOCK $129.95

★ Real-Time Clock Calendar ★ Software Included
★ Mountain Software Compatible

★ BSR Control Options Available

KRAFT JOYSTICK $39.95

VIEWMAX-80NOW ONLY M59®®

★ 80 Column Card for Apple II+

★ Video Soft Switch

★ Inverse Video * 2 Year Warranty

VIEWMAX-80e NEW

★ 80 Column Card for Apple lie

★ 64K RAM Expandable to 128K

64K RAM Upgrade $47.60

GRAPHMAX M29®5

★ Hi Resolution Graphics

★ Printer Card

★ Centronics Parallel Interface

Graphmax with Color
& Zoom Options $149.95

*::;P£RISOFT

PRINTERLINK

★ Low Cost Centronics

Parallel Interface with $RQ00
Cable and Manual ^ j| 5 |vw

MESSENGER

★ Serial Interface
Connects Virtually

Any Serial Device $QQ00

★ Includes Cable

TIMELINK

★ Real-Time Clock

Calendar with Alarm $84<o

ALL WITH ONE YEAR WARRANTY

MONITORS

MONOCHROME

BMC BM 12AUW GREEN 12" NEW ^89.95

BMC BM12AUY 20 MHZ AMBER ^139.95

NEC JB1201M - 20 MHZ GREEN M 69.00

ZENITH ZVM-121 - 15 MHZ GREEN *99.00

COLOR

BMC BM-AU9191U COMPOSITE 13" *279.00

AMDEK COLOR I - COMPOSITE *335.00

NO C.O.D. ORDERS PLEASE

UBMATIM

DATAUFE

OISKETTES

SS/DD SOFT SECTOR

29.95

SS/DD 10 SECTOR HARD

29.95

NASHUA DISKEHES

5V4" WITH HUB RING

MD1 SOFT SECTOR, SS/SD 19.95

MD1D SOFT SECTOR, SS/DD 26.25

MD2D SOFT SECTOR, DS/DD 30.75

MD2F SOFT SECTOR,

bS/QUAD DENSITY 45.00

MD110 10 SECTOR HARD, SS/SD .... 19.95
MD210D 10 SECTOR HARD, DS/DD 30.75
8" WITHOUT HUB RING

FD1 SOFT SECTOR, SS/SD 24.75

FD1D SOFT SECTOR, SS/DD 30.00

FD2D SOFT SECTOR, DS/DD 36.75

JDR Microdevices

1224 S. Bascom Avenue
San Jose, CA 95128
800-538-5000 • 8(30-662-6279 (CA)

(408) 995-5430 • Telex 171-110

VISIT OUR RETAIL STORE

HOURS: M-W-F, 9-5 T-Th., 9-9 Sat. 10-3

PLEASE USE YOUR CUSTOMER NUMBER WHEN ORDERING

TERMS: Minimum order $10. For shipping and handling include
$2.50 for UPS Ground and $3.50 for UPS Air. Orders over 1 lb. and
foreign orders may require additional shipping charges — pleaSe
contact our sales department for the amount. CA residents must
include 6 % sales tax, Bay Area and LA residents include 6 V 2 %. Prices
subject to change without notice. We are not responsible for
typographical errors. We reserve the right to limit quantities and to
substitute manufacturer. All merchandise subject to prior sale.

Circle HelpCard No. 24

Advertisers’ Index

Page

Advertiser

Help #

Page

Advertiser

Help#

001

Micro Vision

033

A-O.K.

002

100,101

Microtek

034,035

Alpha Logic

003

Nibble

036

18,19

Androbot

004

Nibble Notch

Apple Country Limited

005

Omega Microware

037

Applied Engineering

6,7

Orange Micro

038

B' & D Electronics

007

Cover 3

Orange Micro

039

Central Point Software

008

Orbital Systems

040

Computer Tax Service

Peelings

041

Connecticut Information Systems

010

Precision Software

042

Dark Star Systems

012

Pro-Pac

043

Diversified Software

013

102

Proforma Software

044

Douglas Electronics

014

34,35

Protecto Enterprises

045,046

East Side Software

015

Protecto Enterprises

047

Expanding Space

016

QLT Distributing

048

Express Electronics

017

Rising Sun Software

049

Fiberbilt

018

Sinequanon

050

Flowersoft

019

Soft- Byte

052

Harper & Row

020

Softkey Publishing

051

25,97

International Apple Core

021,023

Software Support

053

52,53

International Apple Core

022

Swenson & Associates

054

J.D.R. Micro Devices

024

Telemetries

055

Cover 4

Jandel

025

Tex Print

056

Johnson Products

026

Transend

057

Kensington Microware

027

Trutec Software

058

Lazerware

028

Utilico Microware

060

Cover 2

Leading Edge

029

Videx

061

103

Manx Software

030

W.E. Software

062

Micro Design

031

Writers Digest

006

Micro Mountain

032

Zoom Telephonies

063

96 Apple Orchard

FIND

OUT

FREE!

Apple Orchard
provides these
inquiry cards
to help you
get answers!

SEND IT IN^

IBEAUTY

spread- Give yourself a break.

1 impor- No more blank spreadsheet screens
0 many leaving you guessing which way to go.

ic Our easy-to-use menu screens make

omising lACcalc simple and quick. All you do is

and press the ESC key and pick the option

number you wish to use. That’s it.
d- lACcalc menus will help you load

cast, and save worksheets. Or print data. Or

pcurate format page layouts. Or configure your
e other system parameters. Or leave lACcalc
[lie and run another program— without

!so. turning your computer off. And, of

course, our interactive worksheet is
[very- menu accessed.

» Save yourself from those long,

' time-consuming command sequences.

MUkK In^tqntlv c^nrnll to the ton-left or bnttr\-

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Now, the best way to find out if lAC-
calc is all we say it is — is to try it. That’s
why we offer a 30 day money-back
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Order your copy today and when
you receive it, try it on your spread-
sheet problems for 30 days. Then if you
decide not to keep it, return it and get
all your money back.

But, when you see how powerful
lACcalc is for the money, you’ll agree
it’s the beauty to tame the business
beast.

NOTE:

To speed the processing of your inquiry^ please provide
all of the information requested on the card. This will
make it easier for the companies to follow up on your
request as soon as possible.

PASS IT ONP-

Use these convenient inquiry
cards to request free informa-
tion about the products or
services advertised in this issue
of Apple Orchard.

For information about specific
advertisers or products, circle
the number on the card that
matches the Help Number
shown with the item, or in the
Advertisers’ Index.

Just drop one of the postage
paid cards in the mail and your
request will be Immediately
forwarded to the company or
companies.

APPLE ORCHARD JANUARY 1 984 EXPIRES APRIL 1 , 1 984
Name Title

Check each advertisement for corresponding
number and circle below:

Company

Address

City State Zip

Please check one box in each category:

001

002

003

004

005

006

007

008

009

010

041

042

043

044

045

046

047

048

049

050

081

082

083

084

085

086

087

088

089

090

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

1. This copy of Apple Orchard
came to me through

A. □ User Group

B. □ Computer Store

C. □ News Stand

D. □ Borrowed

E. □ Subscription

F. n Book Store

G. n School

2. I personally use most;

A. □ Apple ll/ll Plus

B. □ Apple / / /

C. □ Apple Workalike

D. □ Apple / /e

E. □ Lisa

F. □ IBM PC or workalike

G. □ Don’t own yet

H. □ Other

3. I have owned a
microcomputer since

A. □ before 1977 F □ 1977

B. 0 1978 G. 01979

C. 0 1980 H. 0 1981

D. 01982 1.01983

E. O not yet

4. I use my computer
primarily for

A. O Home

B. O My Business

C. O Hobby

D. O Education

E. O Other

5. I use my computer
primarily with

A. O Word Processor

B. O Business Software

C. O Modem

D. O Graphics

E. O Electronic Spreadsheet
F O Data Base

G. O Games

H. O Control of other Devices

6. I spent on software in the
past 12 months:

A. O less than $100

B. O $100 - $300

C. □ $300 - $600

D. □ $600 - $1 ,000

E. □ More than $1,000

7. Regarding User Groups;

A. □ I belong to a local group

B. □ I’m active in a User Group

C. □ I have never belonged to a local group

D. □ I used to belong to a local group, but

don’t now

8. My vote for the best article
in this issue is

9. My vote for the best ad in
this issue is (Reader Service)
number

Oil

051

091

131

171

211

251

012

052

092

132

172

212

252

013

053

093

133

173

213

253

014

054

094

134

174

214

254

015

055

095

135

175

215

255

016

056

096

136

176

216

256

017

057

097

137

177

217

257

018

058

098

138

178

218

258

019

059

099

139

179

219

259

020

060

100

140

180

220

360

021

061

101

141

181

221

361

022

062

102

142

182

222

362

023

063

103

143

183

223

363

024

064

104

144

184

224

364

025

065

105

145

185

225

365

026

066

106

146

186

226

366

027

067

107

147

187

227

367

028

068

108

148

188

228

368

029

069

109

149

189

229

369

030

070

110

150

190

230

360

031

071

111

151

191

231

361

032

072

112

152

192

232

362

033

073

113

153

193

233

363

034

074

114

154

194

234

364

035

075

115

155

195

235

365

036

076

116

156

196

236

366

037

077

117

157

197

237

367

038

078

118

158

198

238

997

039

079

119

159

199

239

998

040

080

120

160

200

240

999

Advertisers’ Inde>

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BUSINESS REPLY CARD

FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 217 CLINTON, IOWA
POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE

NO POSTAGE
NECESSARY
IF MAILED
IN THE

UNITED STATES

Apple Orchard

Direct Help Department

P.O. BOX 2520
CLINTON, IOWA 52735

\ RFA inY

ixHtniK lUAsr

For most business people, the spread-
sheet can be a beast. But it’s an impor-
tant business tool. That’s why so many
companies are selling electronic
spreadsheet programs. And promising
you their’s is the most powerful and
easiest to use. At the best price.

Like other electronic spread-
sheets, IACcalc'“ lets you forecast,
model, recalculate and make accurate
business decisions faster. Unlike other
electronic spreadsheets, lACcalc
doesn’t cost you a bundle to do so.
That’s the beauty.

But, that sounds like what every-
one else is saying, right?

Read on.

lACcalc System screen defines subsystems.

Give yourself a break.

No more blank spreadsheet screens
leaving you guessing which way to go.
Our easy-to-use menu screens make
lACcalc simple and quick. All you do is
press the ESC key and pick the option
number you wish to use. That’s it.

lACcalc menus will help you load
and save worksheets. Or print data. Or
format page layouts. Or configure your
system parameters. Or leave lACcalc
and run another program — without
turning your computer off. And, of
course, our interactive worksheet is
menu accessed.

Save yourself from those long,
time-consuming command sequences.
Instantly scroll to the top-left or bottom-
right of your worksheet.

You can use invisible columns as a
third-window on your data. For exam-
ple, bring first and last quarter figures

Our price. Only $84.95. And that
includes a backup copy. So you can
revise your budgets without having to
revise your budget.

Now, the best way to find out if lAC-
calc is all we say it is — is to try it. That’s
why we offer a 30 day money-back
guarantee.

Order your copy today and when
you receive it, try it on your spread-
sheet problems for 30 days. Then if you
decide not to keep it, return it and get
all your money back.

But, when you see how powerful
lACcalc is for the money, you’ll agree
it’s the beauty to tame the business
beast.

Calculate Subsystem, the Interactive worksheet.

Here’s the lowdown.

lACcalc is the second generation of
spreadsheet programs. It utilizes the
most current software and hardware
breakthroughs.’ Like no one elses.

lACcalc works with all the popular
80-column boards for Apple Comput-

together, leaving the title and other win-
dows unchanged. And for fast entry of
information into templates, you can
“tab” from field to field easily.

Putting it in print.

What if you need to produce printouts
of large worksheets? What if your work-

To order your copy of lACcalc, call
(408) 727-7713 (VISA and MasterCard
orders only.)

To order by mail, send check or
money order to: International Apple
Core, 908 George Street, Santa Clara,
CA 95050. Payment made out to Inter-

lACCAlC system MENU

PRINT SUBSYSTEM '

A STARTING ceil

B. ENDING CELL . . .

C. USE DIF FORMAT

D. ROW ORDER FOR DIF
e. SINGLE SHEET FEED ,

File Subsystem handles disk operations . Print Subsystem manages data printing.

Format Subsystem defines page layout. Configuration Subsystem structures

lACcalc to your Apple.

ers. Even the Apple //e. It supports mul-
tiple RAM cards in any combination up
to 512K. And has a 70-column video
display with upper and lower case
(when not using an 80-column board).
This is only an option with other
programs.

You can read VisiCalc® models
directly and store your data on hard
disk. Or create invisible columns for
confidential information. Protect cells to
prevent inadvertent erasure or to setup
templates. And make individual column
widths to fit your text and data entries.

sheet is wider or longer than a page?
The average spreadsheet can’t help
you there. But, we can.

lACcalc will automatically format
your data with left and right, top and
bottom margins. It will split it into multi-
ple printout pages at column bounda-
ries. And the menu makes it easy for
you to change the page format, if you
wish.

Now, if you’re still not
convinced...

The most important feature of all won’t
be found on any of the menus.

national Apple Core must accompany
order and must be in U.S. funds drawn
on U.S. bank. California residents add
$5.52 sales tax. Include $2.50 for ship-
ping. Airmail outside U.S., Canada and
Mexico add $11 .00 shipping.

Please allow 3 to 4 weeks for
delivery.

INTERriATIOMAL
APPLE CORE ^”

Apple and Apple //e are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
Circle HelpCard No. 23

VisiCalc is a registered trademark of VisiCorp.

we Are Not

PIRATES

But we Can Show You how

UNLOCK LOCKED-UP
SOFTWARE

with our complete program listings
and step-by-step instructions

YOU CAN, TOO!

IN-DEPTH COVERAGE

Special Interest Subjects

GRAPHICS

UTILITIES

DATA BASES
GAMES

For Flobbylsts and Advanced
Computlsts

Published Quarterly

hardcore

HARD FACTS
on

APPLE SOFTWARE

An Unprecedented and Contro-
versial disclosure of closely-held

ICOMPUTERSECRETSi

HOW tO: Back-up Disks
Customize

Commerciai Programs
I undo copy-protection & More! |

Published 8 times yearly

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Circle HelpCard No. 51

98 Apple Orchard

COINS is a unique new program for coin
collectors. It enables the serious numis-
matist to catalog his or her entire collec-
tion and obtain various reports that serve
for personal investment information. The
principal feature of COINS is its built-in
Standard Coin file. 1600 common U.S. coin
descriptions along with their latest Mar-
ket V alue for most grades are represented.
This provides a means for tracking the
value of any collection. Special reports
showing Yearly Purchases and Sales are
also provided. Quarterly Update diskettes
are available which let the user keep cur-
rent on all new coins as well as the latest
market prices. This update service pro-
vides for automatic re-evaluation of the
user’s collection. Non-standard coins may
also be listed and maintained. The pro-
gram is priced at $95.00, which includes
the latest value file. A manual/information
package only is available for $10.00 which
can be applied to the program purchase.
Quarterly updates are available for
$25.00. Add $1.50 to cover shipping &
handling.

Circle HelpCard No. 1 76
Compu-Quote
6914 Berquist Avenue
Canoga Park, CA 91307
(213) 348-3662

Utilities

The Pascal Utility Pack is a collection of
utilities designed to make user-friendly
programming less tedious. Most of the
utilities are in Pascal UNIT^, making them
easy to include in any program. Such fea-
tures as inverse and flashing text, low-
resolution graphics, access to the disk
directory, and bullet-proof input routines
are provided by the Pascal Utility Pack. In
addition. Filer functions such as disk
K)runch and file T)ransfer become avail-
able to use inside your own programs.
Complete source code is provided on the
disk so you can see how the routines work
and try your hand at modifying them.

Documentation and demo programs are
also provided. Requires the Apple Pascal
Language system $24.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 1 77
Mach 2 Software
43rd and Locust Street # 106
Philadelphia, PA 19104

RAMDRIVE He runs on all 64K and
128K extended 80 column cards, including
Applied Engineering’s upgradable Mem-
oryMaster He. Totally compatible with
Apple Pascal 1.1, DOS 3.3, 80 column, and
double Hi- Res graphics. It can run up to 40
times faster then '‘physical” disks when
the supplied public domain DOS speed up
utility is used. RAMDRIVE He retains the
features of the earlier version, including
audio-visual access indicators, easy setup
for turnkey operation, menu driven doc-
umentation, and reinitialize directory abil-
ity $29.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 1 78
Precision Software
6514 North Fresno Street
Milwaukee, WI 53224
(414) 353-1666

Word Processing

CircaScript word processor for any
Apple II is low in cost but has many fea-
tures found only on more expensive word
processors. Features include tabbing,
block saves of text, underlining, global
word search, file insertion, search and re-
place, access to DOS, conditional paging,
page heading, indentations, center, left,
and fill justify, shift lock, lower case adap-
tor compatibility, printer commands with-
in text, and instant view help screens.
Comes complete with easy to use Instruc-
tion Manual $39.95. Compatible with Apple
Writer 1.0 and 1.5.

Circle HelpCard No. 179
Circadian Software Inc.

P.O. Box 1208
Melbourne, FL 32901
(305) 7235717

The Sensible Speller IV is an improved ver-
sion of the popular spelling verification
program for Apple computer users. When
used with Apple DOS word-processing
files, the new Sensible Speller IV displays
suspect words in context and allows im-
mediate correction of any misspelled
words. The program also features more
extensive dictionary searching capabili-
ties and automatic suggestion of correct
spelling for misspelled words. Uses the
official word list from the Concise Edition
of the Random House Dictionary with over
80,000 real words on diskette. In addition
to the improved version for use with Apple
DOS word processors, each Sensible
Speller package includes versions for use
with Apple CP/M, Apple Pascal, and
Silicon Valley’s Word Handler word pro-
cessors. Available for $125.00 at your local
dealer. Direct orders should include $1.25

Does your wofd processor
chop, slice, grind, shred, and puree?

All too many word processing programs can make mince-
meat out of your ideas. They force you to adapt your
writing to the computer’s needs, wh^en it should be the
other way aroimd.

That’s why you need THE WRITE
Stuff^ the word processing program
designed for people who care more about
words than processing. With The WRITE
Stuff, you don’t have to relabel your per-
sonal computer keyboard or learn arbitrary

symbols. All you do is zorite and leave the processing to
us. Making life easier is the reason you got a personal
computer in the first place, isn’t it? Just tell the
machine what you want: centering, justifying, paginat-
ing, underlining or boldface, finding and
replacing words, moving sections of your
text, or tmdoing your last command. THE
Write Stuff does all the things you’d
expect from programs that cost up to five
times as much. And that’s no sliced baloney.

The UIHmate Word Processor for Home and Office

For the Apple® II plus and He. One disk drive, 64K, DOS 3.3 required. $99.95 at computer stores, software retailers
and bookstores, or call toll-free (800) 638-3030 — in MD call collect (301) 824-7300

HARPER & ROW f SOFTWARE

10 East 53rd Street, New York, N.Y. 10022

!) Intentional Educations, Inc.

Circle HelpCard No. 20

GRAPHICS PRINTER INTERFACE

The Dumpling-GX is a DIP Switch Selectable
Dual Hi-Resolution Graphics Screen Dump
parallel interface card for Apple computers
and most popular printers.

At the flick of the DIP switch, The Dumpling
will interface with: APPLE ■ EPSON ■ NEC
IDS* ■ ANADEX ■ C-ITOH ■ PMC ■ CEN-
TRONICS > OKIDATA ■ MANNESMANN
TALLEY

Selectable Strobe and Acknowledge polar-
ities allow use with any 8-bit parallel printer in
text and block graphics mode.

Microtek's proprietary on-board firmware en-
ables the Dumpling-GX to establish Intelligent
communication between your Apple computer
and your printer. Simple commands allow:

• Selection of your printer by DIP switch.

• Selective Dump Page 1, Page 2, or both in
either text or graphics mode.

• Chart Recorder Simulation.

• Left & Right Margin Control.

• Line Length/Page Length Selection.

• Block graphics via 8th bit Control.

• Printer bell Control.

• Skip over Perf.

• 90 degree Rotation.

• Double Size Graphics.

• Emphasized Graphics Print.

The Dumpling-64 is the next logical extension
to the industry standard Dumpling-GX para-
llel interface card, allowing tne computer to
DUMP vast quantities of data into the Dump-
ling-64 for later printing, thus freeing up the
computer for additional tasks.

The Dumpling-64 allows full use of all Dump-
ling-GX features. In oddition to the standard
graphics features, the Dumpling-64 offers:

• Buffer sizes from 0 K to 64K. User upgrad-
able.

Graphics Dumps to Buffer. Page 1 and/or 2.

• Multiple Consecutive Screen Dumps to
Buffer.

• Software reset to clear Buffer.

• "Space Compression" saves valuable mem-
ory taken up by 'spaces' in text or spread
sheets.

Automatic Buffer Size Recognition.

• Pause while printing-immediate.

• Pause while printing-delayed.

• Resume printing.

• REMOTE pause-immediate: hooks up to
telephone, switches — etc.

Buffer ON/OFF control.

• INSERT text editing capability with Pause
and Buffer ON/OFF control.

'With special PROM and cable.

mMSImiiiI

MORE MICROTEK
COMPUTER
PRODUCTS THAN
EVER BEFORE.

FOR APPLE/FRAMKLIN A other
"look~a~llkes'^ (APPLE He Compatible)

Hi-Resolution Graphics Parallel
Printer Interface Card with
Graphics Features for all major
printers

64K Spooler Buffer for Text, Block
and Dot Addressable Graphics.
Works with all major printers
64K/128K Memory Card
128K Disc Emulation System
80 Column Video Card
A BAM-128, a MAGNUM-80, and
Software for maximum use of
your VISICALC Spreadsheet
7 or 8 BIT Parallel Printer Inter-
face Card

RGB Board with 256 Output Col-
ors to monitor

16K Card with Memory Manage-
ment System (MOVE-DOS)

Visicalc Expansion Software
Adds 80 Column Features to
VIZ-E- EXPAND
FOR THE IBM PC

The HAL Series of IBM compatible memory boards:
HAL-64, 128, 192, 256 Memory Expansion
without Parity

HAL-64P, 128P, 192P, 256P Memory Expansion
with Parity

The HAL Parallel Printer Cables
The HAL Utility Software Package
THE YIC-20 and COMMODORE 64

VIM-8/16 8K or 16K Memory Expansion

Module

VIM-0 EPROM/RAM User Definable

Module

CC-2064 Parallel Printer Cable & Software

for the VIC-20/64

FOR ATARI 400 and 800 COMPUTERS

DUMPLIN6-GX

DUMPLING-64

BAM-128

Q-DISC

MAGNUM-80

VISI-PAC

RV-611C

RAINBOW-256

BAM-16MM

VIZ-E-EXPAND
VIZ-E-EXPAND 80

AMB-16

AMB-32A

ATC-P

ATC-S

ALSO

SCAMP SERIES

16K Memory Card for Atari
32K Slot Independent Memory
Card

Atari Parallel Printer Cable
Atari Serial or Modem Coble

RS-232C Serial Interface Cables
6', 10', 25'

NEW!

• Stand-alone Printer Buffers with Auto
Serial/Parallel Conversion up to 256K!

• Serial Dumplings— with and without Buffer.

MICROTEK products carry a 2 Year Warranty and are available
from your local Dealer. For your Dealer's name or for further
details call MICROTEK.

MICROTEKna

4750 Viewridge Averiue
San Diego, California 92123-1690

(619) 569-0900

Toll Free Outside CA (800) 854-1081
TWX 910-335-1269

BAM-16, DUMPLING-GX, DUMPLING-64, HAL,
MAGNUM-80, Q-DISC, RV-611C, and SCAMP are
trademarks of Microtek, Inc. APPLE and APPLE II
are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
ATARI 400 & 800 are trademarks of Atari, Inc.
CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital
Research, Inc. IBM P.C. is a trademark of IBM.
VIC-20 is a trademark of Commodore Business
Machines. VISICALC is a trademard of VisiCorp.
Z-80 is a trademark of Zilog, Inc. © Microtek, 1983

for postage and handling.
Circle HelpCard No. 180
Sensible Software, Inc.
6619 Perham Drive
West Bloomfield, MI 48033
(313) 399-8877

BOOKS/CATALOGS

Word Processing for Small Business

by Steven F. Jong offers professionals and
managers a close-up look at the products,
problems and opportunities that go with
making decisions on word processing in-
stallations. Jong describes the elements of
word processing systems, discusses the
decisions that need to be made, explains
the options and offers sound advice. Clear,
knowledgeable and detailed descriptions
cover more than 50 hardware and soft-
ware products for dedicated and non-
specialized systems alike, down to disk
drives and printers. Includes performance
checklists and a sample service contract
(to evaluate after-sale support), well-
organized charts for quick and easy com-
parisons of similar products and forecasts
of what’s ahead in microcomputing
$11.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 181
Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc.

|W, Q. U, L, D, I N. E: E. D, A.

What Do You Do After You Plug It In?

by William Barden, Jr. offers a handbook
on the practical problems that confront a
new microcomputer user. It presents a
complete tutorial covering use of mi-
crocomputer hardware, software, langua-
ges, operating systems, and data commu-
nications, followed by a second tutorial on
workable solutions to the practical prob-
lems that occur during their use. There’s
also good advice on choosing a system, too.
The 198-page text talks about peripherals
(like plotters, monitors, disk drives, and so
on), plus advanced technology in such
devices as print heads, bubble memory
and high-resolution graphics. Barden also
covers packaged applications software,
operating systems, programming languag-
es and other software topics, including a
checklist for the software buyer. Found
throughout the book are a great many il-
lustrations, figures and a generous num-
ber of examples demonstrating key ideas
$10.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 182
Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc.

4300 West 62nd Street
Indianapolis, IN 46268
(317) 298-5400

Organize your computer activities. With
these new manuals, you can get assistance
in the planning, organization and imple-
mentation of various computer-related
activities at your school. The manuals
were written primarily with the elemen-
tary school in mind; however, many of the
ideas can be eaisly adapted at the junior
high level. Current titles include: Organ-
izing a Computer Club for Elementary
School Children, Student Involvement-
Implementing a Computer Tutor Pro-
gram, Gaining Community Support -
Planning a Computer Awareness Day,
Teaching Word Processing in the
Elementary School, Organizing Your
Computer Program - Lab vs. Class-
room Usage. The material in these man-
uals is presented in an easy-to-read
format, with helpful attachments to facili-
tate effective school computer manage-

Circle HelpCard No. 35

January 1984 101

merit. Each is $6.95 plus shipping (1-2
books $2.00, 3-5 books $3.00).

Circle HelpCard No. 183
Computer Directions for Schools
P. 0. Box 1136PA
Livermore, CA 94550

Microcomputer programmers can now
find inside information on hundreds of
markets for their software in a new direc-
tory called 1 983 Programmer's Market
To achieve any amount of sales success,
programmers need to know where and
how to submit their material. This book
lists over 500 software publishers, arcade
game publishers, and magazines with in-
formation on who to contact and where;
submission requirements; royalty/pay-
ment terms; available contract work, and
tips from buyers on selling software. In

addition to showing where to sell software,
this handy directory includes articles pack-
ed with writing and marketing techniques
on how to sell programs - such as prepar-
ing a query letter, proposal package and
copyrighting programs; writing user man-
uals to accompany software; documenting
programs; writing easy-to-use software,
and writing best-selling game programs.
Indexed by type of computer, type(s) of
software published, and alphabetical or-
der. A glossary of terms and bibliography
of useful computer publications will help
beginning and experienced software writ-
ers keep in touch with changes in the
marketplace. $16.95 plus $1.50 postage
and handling
Circle HelpCard No. 18U
Writer's Digest Books
9933 Alliance Road
Cincinnati, OH 45242
(800) 543-4644; (513) 984-0717 (OH)

NEVER OVERPAY YOUR TAXES AGAIN

Use the 1984 Editions of TAX BREAK ANNUAL
or TAX BREAK PLANNER and your APPLE or
iBM-PC® computers to get the very lowest
bottom line tax on your 1983 Federal and
California tax returns.

Written by an IRS Enrolled Agent to expose all
loopholes, benefits, special deductions,
special income averaging methods, and
adjustments the IRS never tells you about!

Used by Professional Tax Preparers, Tax
Accountants, Financial Planners, and
Informed Taxpayers across the country for
years to save big tax dollars.

TAX BREAK ANNUAL and TAX BREAK
PLANNER are super-fast tax optimizers which
perform

^ TAX OPTIMIZATION
^ TAX PLANNING
TAX PREPARATION
^ TAX “WHAT IF” ANALYSIS

TAX BREAK ANNUAL AND TAX BREAK
PLANNER will score your optimum return for
“RISK OF AUDIT” using the new TPI ratio
method!

TAX BREAK ANNUAL and TAX BREAK
PLANNER will quickly prepare signature-
ready, approved-format 1983 Federal and
California tax returns using high-speed,
inexpensive Official Forms modules.

All you need for 1983 is TAX BREAK ANNUAL.

The TAX BREAK PLANNER will optimize 1983
too. In addition, it will plan and optimize your

1984, 1985, and future years as well. TAX
BREAK PLANNER will also check your 1982
return for missed benefits!

The TAX BREAK ANNUAL and TAX BREAK
PLANNER programs are described in the
October 1983 issue of TAXATION FOR
ACCOUNTANTS as the most inexpensive,
cost-effective tax software available for the
APPLE and IBM-PC® computers. Don’t be
fooled by advertisements of other tax
programs. These are late in delivery, SLOW,
and waste time in repetitive “pauses to
refresh” memory. Ask anyone who owned one
last year! Also see the tax software review
article in the March 1983 issue of Apple
Orchard.

• TAX BREAK ANNUAL - 1984 Edition is
available now for $130.00.

• TAX BREAK PLANNER - 1984 Edition is
available now for $180.00

• 1983 FEDERAL OFFICIAL FORMS

module is available now for $75.00.

• 1983 CALIFORNIA OFFICIAL FORMS

module is available for $75.00.

(California residents add 6% sales tax.
Shipping and Handling added.)

The Official Forms modules will prepare forms
with either the ANNUAL or PLANNER.
Inexpensive annual updates are available to
prior purchasers for only $50. 00/program or
module.

Purchase your program at your local software
dealer or order directly from Proforma
Software. Dealer inquiries welcome.

® Apple II, II + , Me, or III are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc. and IBM-PC" is the trademark of IBM

Corp.

The Apple Index is a subject guide to
articles found in 12 magazines that cover
the Apple computers. It is the first in a new
series of indexes to computer magazines.
Each index is published bimonthly with an
annual cumulation. Format for the bi-
monthly issues is loose-leaf style. Each
index is fully cross-referenced by subject,
application, name of hardware, software
and manufacturer. Full citiations are giv-
en for page, issue, and magazine titles
with an indication of illustrations, charts,
vendor lists, screen displays, schematics,
instructions, bibliographies, program list-
ings and directories. Each entry also con-
tains a brief description of the article. The
following magazines are indexed in The
Apple Index: Apple Orchard, Byte, Call
A.P.P.L.E., Compute!, Creative Comput-
ing, inCider, Microcomputing, Nibble,
Peelings II Personal Computing, Popular
Computing, Softalk. Subscription for 1983
is $22.00 for 3 issues and the annual cum-
ulation. Subscription for 1984 is $22.00 for
6 issues, $32.00 including the annual
cumulation.

Circle HelpCard No. 185
BP Publications
P. 0. Box 617
Stiles Road
Southbury, CT 0648
(203) 264-2143

Cross Educational Software catalog
for 1983 contains, among other education-
al software. General Physics programs in
12 volumes. It is a complete series design-
ed to accompany introductory physics
courses. The average level of the programs
is intended for college freshmen. About
one third of the programs are suitable for
high school students and some are for ad-
vanced physics majors. These programs
were written by physics teachers with
many years of experience in both college
physics teaching and Apple computer pro-
gramming. The disks are not copy protect-
ed. Volumes include: Vectors & Graphing
$15.00, Statics $20.00, Motion $20.00, Con-
servation Laws $20.00, Circular Motion
$20.00, Thermodynamics $20.00, Elec-
tricity & Magnetism $20.00, Optics $20.00,
Atomic Physics $30.00, Solar System As-
tronomy $30.00, Stellar Astronomy $30.00.
Volume 12 fills in many of the details in a
physics education. Some are lecture aids
and others give individual instruction in
the fine points that confuse students year
after year. Color pictures, animation, and
user inputs make them better than text-
books. You get a full disk of over 30 pro-
grams $35.00. Other software covers
Christian education, and Physics Labs.
Circle HelpCard No. 186
Cross Educational Software
P. 0. Box 1536
Ruston, LA 71270
(318) 255-8921

Circle HelpCard No. 44

Window, the first interactive learning
magazine on a disk, is now available to
schools on a 30-day preview basis from K-
12 MicroMedia. Each issue contains ed-
ucational games, discovery learning pro-
grams, computing skill exercises, interac-
tive reviews, feature articles and previews
of educational software and computer
tools such as Notebook, a simple data-
base program (Vol 1, Issue 2) or Mini-
Songwriter (Vol 1, Issue 3), the world’s
first music processor. $29.95 per issue. 1-
year subscription (five issues) is $120.00.
To request your free preview copy (to be
returned in 30 days or approved for pay-
ment) write or call.

Circle HelpCard No. 187
K-12 MicroMedia
172 Broadway
Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07675
(201) 391-7555

A software documentation standard

which provides a basis for lower develop-
ment and maintenance costs has been in-
troduced by Associated Technology. The
58-page standard covers all elements ne-
cessary for documentation of a detailed
software design. Included is information
for documentation of structured program
designs, data bases, external interfaces
and quality- assurance provisions. The stan-
dard is intended for software engineers,
documentarians, quality assumace man-
agement, technical users and contract
administrators $22.00.

Circle HelpCard No. 188
Associated Technology
RT 2, Box 448
Estill Springs, TN 37330
(615) 967-9159

The Software Catalog covers the spec-
trum of computer systems, operating sys-
tems, languages, and applications in two
handy volumes - one for microcomputers
and one for minicomputers. By publishing
twice a year in the spring and fall, with
updates in the winter and summer, it keeps
pace with new software offerings. Recent-
ly given the “Gold Seal of Approval” by the
Professional Software Programmers As-
sociation. Data used in compiling The
Software Catalog are derived from the
International Software Database (Fort
Collins, CO). The database currently con-
tains information on more than 31,000
software products, is updated continuous-
ly, and can be accessed online through
DIALOG file 232. Microcomputer catalog
(800 pages) $69.00, Minicomputer catalog
(560 pages) $95.00.

Circle HelpCard No. 189
Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc.

52 Vanderbilt Avenue

New York, NY 10017

(212) 867-9040 ext 306; (800) 223-2115

Practical WordStar Uses is the first
book about WordStar that is task-orient-
ed. It provides examples of many common
word processing problems, their solutions,
and detailed instructions on how to create
word processing documents and forms. In
addition, guidelines for developing any
number of new WordStar applications are
provided. Includes information about com-
puter operating systems, an overview of
WordStar capabilities and function
menus, and helpful hints and techniques in
developing and storing large documents.
This book also contains a free, quick-
reference poster of essential WordStar
commands $13.95 plus $2.00 postage and
handling.

Circle HelpCard No. 190
Sybex

2344 Sixth Street
Berkeley, CA 94710
(415) 848-8233

WINEBUYS, the world’s first electronic
wine catalogue, has been published on The
Source data network. It lists the finest
California wines from Sonoma County,
giving winelovers worldwide direct access
to the premium wines of almost 60 Sonoma
County wineries - many of which are large-
ly unavailable through traditional outlets
outside Northern California. To access the
Wine Country Catalogue on The Source,
users should type in the command string:
“WHOM;BASICV SFILES>STW127>

WINEBUYS”. Orders can be entered into
The Source computer and shipped to cus-
tomers throughout California and to 13
other states including RI, CT, NY, NJ, VA,
DC, PA, MI, IN, IL, WI, WY and WA.
D’Vine Adventures, the publishers of the
catalogue, offers 15 percent case discounts
on 11 wines. They also offer a mixed selec-
tion of 24 half-bottles. Shipping costs
range from $10 per case to $20 per case.
Out of state orders are exempt from
sales tax.

Circle HelpCard No. 191
D’Vine Adventures
860 Piner Road, Unit 21
Santa Rosa, CA 95401
(707) 526-9434

The Academic Apple, by Richard Mowe,
is a guide written for parents and teachers
who are interested in helping youngsters
learn with the aid of an Apple II computer.
The Academic Apple discusses a child’s
growth and development (starting at age
5) and how it relates to the child’s ability to
use the computer. Information on how to
write simple and fun programs is included
as well as many ready to use sample pro-
grams. There is a section on comparisons
and recommendations of educational and
commercial software. Also discusses typ-
ing and writing skills and shows how word
processing can greatly improve your
child’s writing ability. The Academic
Apple can be your child’s guide to becom-
ing a better student $10.95 (paper)

AZTEC C65

A POWERFUL. PROFESSIONAL. AND PORTABLE •C” LANGUAGE
DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM FOR APPLE COMPUTERS

AZTEC C65 brings all the '
power of “C” to the APPLE II
and APPLE //e. The AZTEC
C65 “C” compiler generates
fast 6502 assembler code. Run
time support includes full UNIX
10, general utility functions,
scientific math functions,
overlay support, and device
driver interfaces.

AZTEC C65 is a professional
development system. It
includes APPLE SHELL — a
UNIX like development
environment, VED ~ a full
screen editor, AS65 — a

relocating 6502 assemblerj^
LN65 “ a full feature linkage
editor, MKLIB — a library utility^ "
and a number of other . . ;
development utilities.

AZTEC C65 code is portable to
AZTEC C compilers for .
CP/M-80, PC DOS, MS DOS,
CP/M-86, TRS 80 and
COMMODORE 64. Code is
easily transferred to and from
UNIX v7. Cross compilers are
available from UNIX, PC DOS,

MS DOS, CP/M-86, CP/M-80,
and others.

AZTEC C65 - APPLE DOS 3.3 $199

PC DOS, MS DOS, CP/M-86, CP/M-80 TO 6502 CROSS . . . $750

UNIX TO 6502 CROSS (PDP-11) $2000

“C” TUTORIAL SYSTEM (upgradable to full AZTEC C65) . . . $95

AZTEC C65 MANUAL $35

AZTEC C65 without manual $169

AZTEC Cll for CP/M-80 (MP/M-80) ... , . .v:.... . : ■ $199 .'

AZTEC C86 for PC DOS, MS DOS, or CP/M-86 T.' . . . . $249

B^Call for informWion on AZTEC C65 for ProDOS [

.V^ / and other 6502 systernsr^r^^^ ^ V'^

rMANX SOFTWARE SYSTEMS 1
■ BOX 55, SHREWSBURY, NJ 07701

- :';7

' Information and NJ Orders: 201-780-4004 ,, , . Telex: 4995811

Circle HelpCard No. 30

January 1984 1 03

$14.95 (casebound).

Circle HelpCard No. 192
Reston Publishing Company, Inc.

11480 Sunset Hills Road
Reston, VA 22090
(703) 437-8900

Apple n 6502 Assembly Language
Tutor by Richard Haskell includes graph-
ics and interfacing applications. Intended
for the serious user who has attempted
programming the Apple II in BASIC. The
Tutor disk and guidebook lets you get to
the inner workings of any Apple II by
enabling you to watch what happens to
registers and memory locations as you
single step through a program. Covers
graphics applications that show how to
plot a spot at any of 1600 grid locations,
how to plot horizontal and vertical lines,
how to predefine the shape of a graphic
figure and store it in a shape table using
built-in DRAW and XDRAW subroutines
and how to move and/or rotate graphic
fibres $34.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 193
Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Book Distribution Center
Route 58 at Brook Hill Drive
West Nyack, NY 10995

MISCELLANEOUS

Computer Care is the first in a selection
of maintenance and management pro-
ducts for microcomputers. Two versions
are available, for most computers using
5.25 inch disk drives. Each contains a
selection of products designed to keep the
system finely tuned and organized. The
top of the line package contains a head
cleaning kit, an air blower, a unique pen
called The DiskWriter, keyboard cleaner,
screen cleaner, diskette library system,
color coded index cards, cable ties and
mounts and other useful and unusual pro-
ducts. Also included is a well documented
users guide and maintenance record.
“Care” has a suggested retail price of
$29.95 and “Super Care” $49.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 191f

Basic Quality Computer Products

1281 Westwood Boulevard, Suite 202-204

Los Angeles, CA 90024

(213) 473-1549

Tabletech is a versatile wall-mounted
workstation with a wide range of applica-
tions for VDT displays, printers, copy
machines, forms processing equipment,
typewriters, acoustical printer enclosures,
microfiche systems, and audiovisual equip-
ment. This adjustable table offers max-

imum space efficiency. Patented wall-
mounted pivot arm and rotating table sur-
face provide unlimited display and view-
ing angles. A selection of ergonomic com-
ponents are available with a variety of
built-in functions: adjustable keyboards,
extensions, and security devices. Preci-
sion robotic welding and thermal-bonded
epoxy powder finishing. Available in a
variety of surface sizes and laminate-
hardwood finish combinations. Prices
start at $59.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 195
Tumac Industries, Inc.

650 Ford Street

Colorado Springs, CO 80915-3798
(303) 596-4400

K-Cover is an anti-static unbreakable
computer keyboard protector for use with
most microcomputers; offers protection
from dust and other damaging debris and
comes with a lifetime guarantee against
breakage. K-Cover also doubles as an
angled riser for computer or monitor
$9.95.

Circle HelpCard No. 196
Penguin Products
P. 0. Box 7008

Roseville, MI 48305-7008
(800) 732-0614

Ergometrix Select furniture from
MISCO, Inc. adapts to computer operators
for the specialized conditions of the com-
puter workplace in home or office. This
furniture is designed to help cut down on
fatigue, backstrain and eyestrain. Units
are made of high quality oak laminate with
black trim. Legs are designed to maximize
knee space and mobility. Workstations are
available in 36, 48, 60 and 72 inch widths.
Modular returns are available, which add
extra work space to the 48 and 60 inch
workstations. Adjustable workstations
adjust up or down, forward or backward.

angled or tilted. Optional storage com-
ponents include magnetic tape storage
racks, drop file frame, locking drawer and
fixed or roll-out shelves.

Circle HelpCard No. 197
MISCO Inc.

404 Timber Lane

Marlboro, NJ 07746

(800) 631-2227; (201) 946-3500 (NJ)

Computer-Mate equipment cases pro-
vide you with ease of transportation plus
maximum protection for all your com-
ponents. Standard cases available for
Apple and many others. Custom built cas-
es are also available to help protect almost
any configuration of sensitive equipment.
For loss prevention, each case has a 3 x 5
inch personal identification name and in-
dividual serial number with toll free num-
ber. And like all Computer-Mate products,
each case is pre-screened for excellence
and backed with a 100% unconditional
guarantee.

Circle HelpCard No. 198
Computer- Mate, Inc.

1006 Hampshire Lane
Richardson TX 75080
(214) 669-9370; (800) 527-3643

Thanks to Optech CRT filters, the hassle
of CRT glare can be eliminated. Attached
in minutes without any tools, Optech dif-
fuses ambient light (external light) while
dramatically improving contrast. The re-
sult is that data is displayed clear and
bright without interference. Comes in a
variety of sizes to custom fit the most pop-
ular computer terminals on the market
today - they actually appear to be built into
the terminal when attached.

Circle HelpCard No. 199
SGL Homalite Corporation
11 Brookside Drive
Wilmington, DE 19804
(302) 652-3686 (DE); (800) 346-7802

104 Apple Orchard

TUrbo Charge Ybur Apple

If you use a printer now...

If you’re just adding a printer...

For Apples and Printers

The Bufferboard is the original add-on buffer
upgrade for existing interfaces. Easily installed,
its memory power can store up to 20 pages of
your Apple text data at a time. The Bufferboard
accepts print data as fast as your Apple can
send it. Then the Bufferboard trans-
mits to your printer, while
your computer
races on to its
next task.

The
uses an
Apple slot and
“Docks” onto most popular interfaces, including
Epson, Apple and Orange Micro Grappler config-
urations. No external power supplies, no clumsy
boxes and cables. It’s the easiest and most eco-
nomical way to add buffering.

Orange fHk.ro

inc.

Qiappler +

The Buffered Grappler -t- is the most powerful
Apple printer interface you can buy. All the mem-
ory features of the Bufferboard have been
merged with the smartest interface available. . .
the Grappler + . The Buffered Grappler -i- now
gives you over 27 different built-in features. Buffer
expansion capability allows up to 20 full pages of
text memory. Exclusive new features give you
special support of lie 80 column text, screen
dumps for Epson graphic aspect ratios, and sup-
port of the new Me Double Hi Reso-
lution
Other fea-
tures you’ll
be using in
time includ(

DualHil
Graphics, Mixed

Mode Screen Dumps, Enhanced Graphics, text
formatting and much, much more. The New Buf-
fered Grappler -I- . So much interface power you’ll
never need anything else.

1400 N. LAKEVIEW AVE., ANAHEIM, CA 92807 U.S.A.
(714) 779-2772 TELEX; 183511CSMA

Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
Epson is a registered trademark of Epson America, Inc.

Circle HelpCard No. 39

Turn your Apple computer into a color graphics work-
station with FLYING COLORS™ software.

Draw interactively using your joystick or paddles.
FLYING COLORS also worl^ with many other
input devices that connect to the Apple game
paddle ports.

FLYING COLORS features the easiest
screen menu you’ll ever see. Pick the function you
want and begin to draw. Choose from thick lines
or thin. Generate automatic circles or boxes of any
size with our “rubber banding” algorithm. Erase. Fill,

Use “micro” mode for exacting detail work or paint
with the broad color brush for big splashes of color.

Select from a vibrant pallette of colors and hues.

You can store and retrieve from disk in seconds.

Our program stores your drawings in standard binary files ^
so you can reproduce them on your dot matrix printer via
most graphics dump printer interface cards or programs. ^
Free: SLIDE PROJECTOR PROGRAM included.

We’ve included our unique Slide Projector Program and
manual at no extra cost. Create your own “slide shows”
from the computer pictures you have drawn with FLYING

B '^OLORS and then program

their sequence and screen
times automatically.

We ship all orders direct
from stock.

Dealer orders and
inquiries invited. Call

local sales tax and $3.00
for shipping & handling.^

THE COMPUTER

COLORWORKS

3030 Bridgeway, Sausalito, CA 94965

All images depicted here are actual photographs of screen graphics created using FLYING COLORS™

Circle HelpCard No. 25

[igiiil

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